Catol  SuuutM 


STATE  OF  ILLINOIS 

STATE  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 

FRANK  W.  DbWOLF,  Director 


ULLETIN     NO.     29 


PURCHASE  AND  SALE 


OP 


Illinois  Coal  on  Specification 


BY     ji 
S.  W.  PARR 


Work  in  cooperation  with 

Illinois  Coal  Mining  Investigational,  and 

University  of  Illinois 


ILLINOIS  STATE  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 

URBANA 

19  14 


ILLINOIS  GEOLOGICAE 
SURVEY  LIBRARY 

MAY    7    195ft 


» 


ILLINOIS  STATE  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


3  3051  00000  0392 


STATE  OF  ILLINOIS 

STATE   GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 

FRANK  W.  DeWOLF,  Director 


Bulletin    No.    29 


PURCHASE  AND  SALE 


OF 


Illinois  Coal  on  Specification 


BY 
S.  W.  PARR 


Work  in  cooperation   with 

Illinois  Coal  Mining  Investigations,  and 

University   of  Illinois 


ILLINOIS  STATE  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 

URBAN A 

19  14 


SCHN 


EPP  &  Barne^   State  PRinters 
Springfield    III 
1915 


STATE  GEOLOGICAL  COMMISSION. 


Edward  F.  Dunne,  Chairman 
Governor  of  Illinois 

Thomas  C.  Chamberlin,  Vice -Chair  man 

Edmund  J.  James,  Secretary 
President  of  the  University  of  Illinois 


Frank  W.  DeWolf,  Director 
Fred  H.  Kay,  Asst.  State  Gcolociist 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 

State  Geological  Survey, 
University  of  Illinois,   October,   15,   1914. 

Governor    E.    F.    Dunne,    Chairman,    and    Members    of    the    Geological 
Commission. 

Gentlemen  :  I  submit  herewith  a  report  by  Prof.  S.  W.  Parr  of  the 
University  of  Illinois,  Consulting  Chemist  of  the  Geological  Survey,  en- 
titled :  "Purchase  and  sale  of  Illinois  coal  on  specification,"  and  recommend 
that  it  be  published  as  Bulletin  No.  29. 

This  subject  is  one  of  growing  interest  to  producers,  sellers,  and  users 
of  Illinois  coal ;  and  Professor  Parr's  work  as  a  pioneer  investigator  has 
commanded  respect  everywhere. 

The  report  reviews  some  of  the  work  published  by  the  Illinois  Coal 
Mining  Investigations,  Cooperative  Agreement,  as  well  as  extensive 
experiences  in  purchase  of  coal  by  the  State  Board  of  Administration,  to 
both  of  which  organizations  we  are  greatly  indebted. 

Very  respectfully, 

Frank  W.  DeWolf,  Director 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2012  with  funding  from 

University  of  Illinois  Urbana-Champaign 


http://archive.org/details/purchasesaleofil29parr 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

Introduction    9 

Increased  use  of  heat-unit  basis 9 

Opportunity  for  securing  data : 10 

Principles  of  coal  sampling 11 

Care   in    sampling 11 

A  representative  sample 11 

Material  to  be  taken 11 

Amount     11 

Ratio  of  size  to  mass 12 

Mill    for    crushing 13 

Mixing   and   subdividing 14 

Moisture     control 16 

Conditions  that  facilitate  loss  of  moisture 16 

Precautionary    measures 17 

Illustrative  methods  of  coal  sampling 17 

Face    sampling 17 

Directions  for  collecting  face  samples  in  the  mine 17 

Sampler's     kit 19 

Shipment   of   sample 20 

Samples   taken   from   commercial   supplies 20 

Use  of  grinder  and  riffle 20 

Sampling   car   during   unloading 24 

Sampling    car    without    unloading 25 

Composite     samples 25 

Dust  or  duff  determination 26 

Moisture    changes 28 

Moisture  conditions  and  nomenclature 28 

Calculations     28 

Commercial  valuation  as  affected  by   chemical  and   physical   properties 29 

Moisture     29 

Relation  of  coal-bed  moisture  to  commercial  moisture 29 

Loss  of  moisture  on  shipping 31 

Use   of   coal-bed  moisture   content   as   a  basis 34 

Range  of  variation  for  moisture  factors  referred  to  geographical  location 35 

Ash 35 

Causes  of  variation  in  ash 35 

Controlling  the  quality  of  the  output 3S 

Necessity  for  mine  operators  to  know  the  ash  values  of  their  coal 38 

Volatile  matter,  fixed  carbon,  and  sulphur 39 

Duff  or  dust 40 

Calorific    value &. 40 

Relation   between   quantity   of   heat   contained    and   true   value 40 

Most  favorable  conditions  for  determination 40 

Unit    coal 40 

Meaning  and  application 40 

Calculation     of     commercial     values 41 

Analytical    data 43 

Analyses  of  mine  samples 43 

Average  analyses  by  mines  and  by   counties 58 

Purchase   and  sale   of   coal  under   specification 72 

Use  of  double  standard  o  f  reference 72 

Bids    and    awards 7:; 

Price    and    payment 7  1 

Specific    directions    for    sampling 75 

Taking   the   sample 76 

Reducing   the    sample 7(> 

Determination  of  percentage  of  duff  or  dust 77 

Obtaining  a   5-pound  sample 77 

Compositing    of    samples 7  S 

Summary  of   coal   settlements   1913-1914 78 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Figure.  page. 

1.  Grinding-  surfaces  of   coal   crusher 13 

2.  Coal  grinder  of  the  coffee-mill  type .14 

3.  Riffle    : 16 

4.  Sampler's     kit 18 

5.  Coal  grinder  showing  method  for  attaching  legs 19 

6.  Container  for  coal  sample 20 

7.  Equipment  for  grinding  commercial  samples 21 

8.  Closed   mechanical   mixer 22 

9.  Side  view  of  mixer 23 

10.  An  automatic  riffling  device 24 

Plate. 

I.  Districts    for    classification    of    c  oal    samples 43 


THE  PURCHASE  AND  SALE  OF  ILLINOIS  COAL 
ON  SPECIFICATION. 


By  S.  W.  Parr 


INTRODUCTION. 

Increased  Use  of  the  Heat-Unit  Basis. 

Information  concerning  the  composition  and  properties  of  Illinois 
coal  is  in  constant  and  growing  demand.  Requests  for  such  information 
come  from  many  market  centers  and  are  by  no  means  confined  to  the 
State  of  Illinois.  They  represent  specifically  the  needs  of  the  community 
at  large,  and  are  perhaps  characterized  chiefly  by  the  fact  that  they  indi- 
cate a  marked  tendency  on  the  part  of  users  of  coal  to  scrutinize  all 
available  data  with  the  ultimate  purpose  of  making  their  purchases  of 
this  commodity  on  some  basis  other  than  that  of  simple  tonnage.  The 
coal  operators  are  not  so  eager  in  this  movement  for  the  obvious  reason 
that  the  mining  of  coal  must  be  paid  for  by  the  ton.  It  does  not  simplify 
the  lot  of  the  coal  producer,  therefore,  to  be  obliged  to  pay  for  mining 
the  output  on  a  weight  basis,  and  to  sell  the  product  on  an  entirely  dif- 
ferent basis.  Here  again,  it  is  believed  that  a  fuller  knowledge  of  the 
facts  relating  to  the  composition  of  Illinois  coals  will  materially  reduce 
the  prejudice  of  the  operator  and  be  of  assistance  in  the  making  of  fuel 
contracts  by  enabling  him  to  formulate  his  proposals  more  intelligently. 

It  is  inevitable  that  large  users  of  coal  will  insist  more  and  more 
upon  contracting  for  their  fuel  supplies  on  some  basis  other  than  that  of 
a  set  price  per  ton.  In  spite  of  certain  objectionable  features  and  some 
opposition,  which  is  not  without  cause  for  its  existence,  there  is  evidence 
of  a  steady  increase  in  the  use  of  what  is  generally  termed  the  "heat-unit 
6asis"  for  the  purchase  of  coal.  A  simple  illustration  may  serve  as  an 
explanation  of  this  tendency :  Three  Illinois  state  institutions  with 
substantially  the  same  shipping  rate  received  bids  on  coal  supplies  from 
dealers  A,  B  and  C,  their  respective  prices  being  $1.45,  $1.72  and  $1.13 
p  ton.  Now,  as  subsequently  proved  to  be  the  case,  A  was  able  to 
deliver,  and  did  deliver,  coal  with  an  ash  and  moisture  content  of  21  per 
cent  and  a  heat-unit  value  which  entitled  him  to  a  settlement  price  under 


10 


PURCHASE    AND    SALE    OF    ILLINOIS    COAL. 


the  contract  of  $1.55  per  ton.  The  deliveries  by  B,  contained  an  ash  and 
moisture  total  of  30  per  cent  and  a  heat-unit  value  which  resulted  in  a 
settlement  price  of  $1.12  per  ton.  Similarly,  C  with  a  total  ash  and 
moisture  content  of  33  per  cent  was  entitled  to  a  settlement  price  of 
$0.97.     These  items  are  more  conveniently  shown  in  tabular  form  thus: 

Table  1. — Difference  betiveen  the  estimated  and  actual  value  of  coal. 


Bidder 

Total  per  cent  of  non- 
combustible    in     coal 
as  delivered 

Bidding 
price 

Settlement 
price 

Difference 

A 
B 

C 

21 
30 
33 

$1.45 
1.72 
1.43 

$1.55 
1.12 
0.97 

$0.10 
0.60 
0.46 

It  is  seen  from  this  table  that  dealers  A  and  C  estimated  their  coals 
at  substantially  the  same  price,  say  $1.-45  per  ton.  The  intrinsic  values, 
however,  which  are  at  least  relatively  indicated  by  the  settlement  price, 
are  shown  to  have  a  difference  of  substantially  60  cents  per  ton.  Sim- 
ilarly, dealer  B,  who  estimated  his  coal  as  worth  $1.72  per  ton  finds  its 
actual  value,  or  at  least  its  settlement  value  according  to  the  terms  of 
the  contract,  to  be  $1.12  or  60  cents  less  per  ton.  The  table  shows  also 
that  a  dealer  may  name  his  price  per  ton  with  very  little  knowledge  as  to 
the  intrinsic  value  of  the  material.  There  is  little  if  any  relation  between 
the  price  asked  and  the  actual  heat  value  to  be  delivered.  Illustrations 
of  such  discrepancies  could  be  multiplied  indefinitely. 

Opportunity  for  Securing  Data. 

During  the  year  1912  the  Illinois  Coal  Mining  Investigations, 
Cooperative  Agreement,  sampled  over  100  mines  at  three  or  more  widely 
separated  working  faces.  This  work  has  afforded  an  unusual  oppor- 
tunity for  studying  sampling  and  analytical  methods  and  also  for  making 
a  comparative  study  of  the  variables  and  constants  in  individual  mines 
or  districts.  Furthermore,  the  writer  has  been  in  charge  of  coal  inspec- 
tion and  analysis  as  conducted  for  several  years  by  the  State  Board  of 
Administration  with  a  view  to  business-like  purchase  of  coal  for  the 
State  Charitable  Institutions.  Similarly,  a  great  mass  of  data  has  come 
into  our  possession  through  the  purchase  of  coal  on  specification  by  the 
University  of  Illinois  for  many  years. 

It  is  the  purpose  of  this  report  to  present  such  results  and  data  as 
may  have  a  direct  bearing  upon  the  methods  of  inspection  and  the 
purchase  and  sale  of  coal  by  contract. 


PRINCIPLES    OF    COAL    SAMPLING.  11 

PRINCIPLES  OF  COAL  SAMPLING. 

Care  in  Sampling. 

Without  question,  the  critical  point  in  the  entire  range  of  coal 
inspection  and  analysis  is  in  the  sampling.  If  the  sample  taken  is  truly 
representative  of  the  entire  lot,  the  results,  if  accurate  in  themselves, 
furnish  correct  information  as  to  the  larger  mass  of  which  the  sample  is 
a  part.  If,  on  the  other  hand,  the  sample  is  in  error,  the  results  of  the 
analysis  though  correct  in  themselves  will  be  in  error  so  far  as  they 
relate  to  the  mass  under  consideration.  Throughout  the  process  of 
sampling  two  points  must  be  observed  with  scrupulous  care : 

First — The  sample  taken  must  be  representative  of  the  whole, 
that  is,  the  distribution  of  the  various  substances  which  go  to  make 
up  the  original  mass  must  be  maintained  without  any  change  in  the 
relative  amount  of  the  various  constituents. 

Second — The  moisture  content,  which  changes  readily,  must  be 
under  exact  control  so  that  at  any  stage  the  ratio  of  moisture 
present  to  the  original  moisture  of  the  mass  may  be  definitely 
known. 

A  Representative  Sample. 

MATERIAL  TO  BE  TAKEN. 

As  stated  above,  the  first  essential  in  a  sample  is  that  it  shall  truly 
represent  the  mass  of  which  it  is  a  part.  To  secure  this  result  a  few 
fundamental  conditions  must  be  observed,  as  follows  : 

The  gross  sample  must  be  representative  of  the  various  kinds  of 
material  present.  That  is  to  say,  a  mass  of  coal  conists  of  fine  stuff, 
lump,  bone,  slate,  pyrites,  and  other  constituents.  As  a  rule  the  "fines" 
differ  in  composition  from  the  lump,  hence  the  sample  must  have  these 
twc  sorts  of  material  in  their  proper  proportion.  The  same  is  even 
more  true  of  slate  or  pyrites,  of  which  the  composition  differs  so  wide- 
ly from  that  of  the  major  part  of  the  mass.  An  undue  amount  of  such 
material  would  cause  a  serious  disturbance  in  the  accuracy  of  the  sample. 

AMOUNT. 

In  procuring  a  representative  sample  a  large  clement  of  safety 
resides  in  the  quantity  taken.  In  general,  the  larger  the  amount,  the 
more  representative  it  will  be.  However,  conditions  differ.  It  is  easier, 
for  example,  to  procure  an  even  sample  from  the  face  of  a  working- 
vein  or  from  a  carload  of  screenings  than  from  a  carload  or  other  mass 
of  lump  or  of  run-of-mine  coal.  In  the  latter  cases  larger  amounts  should 
be  taken  than  in  the  former. 


12  PURCHASE    AND    SALE    OF    ILLINOIS    COAL. 

The  limits  of  practicability  for  the  proper  handling  of  the  sample 
must  however  be  considered.  In  general,  the  gross  sample  should 
weigh  approximately  from  200  to  600  pounds.  Doubtless  200  pounds  of 
screenings,  taken  with  fairly  good  distribution  throughout  the  unloading 
of  a  40-  or  50-ton  car,  will  yield  a  very  true  sample.  The  difficulties 
increase  greatly  with  the  increase  of  the  size  of  the  particles,  as  in  the 
case  of  lump  or  mine-run  coal.  If  mechanical  appliances  for  grinding 
are  available,  the  larger  amount  should  be  taken,  but  a  smaller  sample 
well  crushed  down  before  quartering  is  better  than  a  greater  mass 
quartered  down  while  the  particles  are  still  in  larger  pieces. 

RATIO  OF   SIZE   TO    MASS. 

Assuming  that  the  sample  as  taken  is  made  up  of  the  various  kinds 
of  material  in  proper  proportion,  the  next  important  item  is  to  maintain 
these  variables  in  their  ratios  throughout  the  process  of  reducing  the 
gross  amount  to  a  small  working  or  laboratory  sample.  To  insure  this 
result,  there  must  be  maintained  a  certain  ratio  of  size  of  the  particles  to 
size  or  weight  of  the  mass.  This,  as  a  rule,  is  based  on  a  formula  which 
provides  that  the  weight  of  the  largest  piece  of  impurity  shall  have  a 
ratio  to  the  weight  of  the  mass  of  about  2 :  10,000.  For  example,  a  mass 
weighing  10,000  grams,  or  about  22  pounds,  should  contain  no  particles 
weighing  more  than  2  grams.  This  would  mean  that  the  largest  particle, 
as  for  example,  a  piece  of  iron  pyrites,  must  not  be  over  ]/^  inch  in  its 
greatest  diameter. 

The  final  ratio  of  sizes,  however,  should  be  determined  by  the 
methods  available  for  grinding.  With  mechanical  appliances  for  obtain- 
ing the  smaller  sizes,  a  table  of  ratios  ivith  greater  safety  limits  can  be 
adopted  than  is  perhaps  practicable  where  the  crushing  is  done  by  hand. 
If  a  power  crusher  is  available,  the  entire  sample  should  be  passed 
through  the  mill  and  reduced  to  a  size  which  will  pass  a  ^-inch  screen. 
If  the  crushing  must  be  done  by  hand,  the  first  reduction  in  size  of  the 
particles  should  be  such  that  the  entire  mass  will  pass  through  a  1-inch 
screen.  When  by  quartering,  the  sample  is  reduced  to  100  pounds,  the 
size  of  the  particles  should  be  further  reduced  to  a  size  that  will  pass  a 
^2-inch  screen,  and  with  a  50-pound  sample  in  hand  the  crushing  should 
be  carried  to  *4-inch  mesh.  The  subdivisions  with  their  respective 
sizes  are  shown  in  tabular  form  as  follows : 


PRINCIPLES    OF    COAL    SAMPLING.  13 

Table  2. — Size  of  mesh  for  different  subdivisions  of  sample. 


Weight    of    subdivisions    of    sample 

Size  of  mesh  to  which  each  subdivision 

(pounds). 

should  be  broken   (inches). 

500 

1 

250 

% 

125 

y2 

60 

Vi 

30 

Vs 

MILL    FOR    CRUSHING. 


Illinois  coals  are  easily  crushed  in  mills  which  are  available  at  little 
expense.  Hence  it  is  entirely  reasonable  to  require  that  gross  samples, 
when  reduced  in  mass  to  50  or  75  pounds,  shall  be  passed  through  a  mill 
set  for  grinding  to  approximately  */$  inch.     For  this  work,  a  mill  which 


Figure  1 — grinding  surfaces  of  coal  crusher. 

is  not  of  the  jaw-crusher  or  roller  type  is  preferred,  since  these  types 
produce  too  large  a  percentage  of  line  material,  and  the  harder  pieces  of 
slate,  especially  those  of  flaky  or  plate-like  structure,  are  liable  to  pass 
in  pieces  having  inadmissably  large  dimensions  in  two  directions,  even 
though  the  adjustment  used  would  seem  to  be  fine  enough  to  prevent  the 
passage  of  such  material.  A  grinder  of  the  coffee-mill  type  or  one  with 
projecting  teeth  on  the  grinding  surfaces  will  be  found  to  produce  a 
more  uniform  size  and  the  minimum  amount  of  dust.  The  grinding 
surfaces  of  such  a  machine  are  shown  in  figure  1 ,  and  the  same  type  of 
mill  is  shown  set  up  in  figure  2. 


14 


PURCHASE    AND    SALE    OF    ILLINOIS    COAL. 


MIXING   AND    SUBDIVIDING. 

As  a  further  precaution  in  maintaining  a  correct  distribution  of  the 
.various  constituents,  emphasis  is  placed  upon  the  necessity  of  thorough 
mixing,  followed  by  even  selection  of  the  remaining  subdivisions.  It  is 
true  that  fine  grinding  contributes  materially  to  this  end  but  further 
care  is  necessary.     It  is  entirely  practicable  to  mix  a  50-pound  sample, 


Figure  2. — coal  grinder  of  the  coffee-mill  type. 


ground  as  above  described,  by  rolling  in  an  oilcloth  about  five  feet 
square.  This  is  accomplished  by  taking  one  corner  of  the  cloth  and 
carrying  it  over  the  pile  towards  the  diagonally  opposite  corner  so  as  to 
cause  the  mass  to  roll  over  upon  itself,  then  reversing  the  motion  and 
repeating  the  process  with  the  other  two  corners.  Fifteen  or  twenty 
such  alternations,  depending  somewhat  upon  the  size  of  the  sample, 
should  be  sufficient  to  effect  an  even  mixture.  Where  available,  how- 
ever, especially  in  commercial  sampling,  a  mixer  is  to  be  preferred. 
Such  a  device  is  most  conveniently  made  in  the  form  of  a  drum  having 
cone-shaped  ends  capable  of  being  closed  air-tight,  and  mounted  so  as 
to  revolve  endwise.     (See  figs.  8  and  9). 

The  subdividing  of  the  larger  sample,  to  reduce  it  to  a  convenient 
size  for  transmission  to  the  laboratory,  requires  special  consideration 
as  having  an  important  bearing  on  the  maintenance  of  the  correct  ratio 
of  constituents.     This  may  be  best   shown  by  the  data  given  in  Table  3. 

Note  in  tin's  table  that  series  1  and  2  are  3-pound  samples  taken  by 
subdividing   in    the   same    manner   the   same   gross   sample   of   about   30 


METHODS  OF  SAMPLING. 


15 


pounds.  Each  sample  was  ground  to  S-mesh  and  sized.  It  will  be  seen 
that  in  series  1,  duplicates  a  and  b  had  16.6  and  13.7  per  cent  of  the  60- 
mesh  size,  whereas  in  series  2  the  duplicates  a  and  b  had  22.5  and  23.1 
per  cent  respectively.  Note  further  the  great  increase  in  ash  in  the  fine 
size    as    compared    with   the    ash    in    the    coarse    material.      For    example, 


Table  3. — Ash  variations  in  different  sizes  obtained  from  duplicate  3-pound  samples. 


Series 

Mesh 

Dupli- 
cate 
halves 

a 

0 

Per  cent 

of  each 

size 

41.7 
48.4 

41.7 
37.9 

16.6 
13.7 

29.1 
25.0 

48.4 
51.9 

COL,  in 
"dry 
coal" 

Ash  cor- 
rected for 
CO,  in  "dry 
coal" 

a  and  b  compos- 
ited by  calcula- 
tion 

U                  On  20 

.40 
.37 

.85 
1.00 

1.31 
1.38 

.53 
.46 

.94 
.98 

14.11 
14.00 

12 

Through  20 
On  60 

a 

b 

15.55 
15.42 

a 16.32 

la 

Through  60 

a 

b 

23.89 
23.65 

b 15.86 

Average.  .16.09 

2, 

On  20 

a 

b 

15.91 
15.68 

16.23 
16.06 

22 

Through  20 
On  60 

a 
b 

a 

b 

a 17.90 

23 

Through  60 

22.5 
23.1 

1.32 
1.28 

24.09 

23.98 

b 17.80 

Average.  .17.85 

series  1  having  an  average  of  14  per  cent  of  ash  in  the  coarse  size  has 
an  average  of  23.75  per  cent  in  the  fine  portion.  A  similar  increase  in 
ash  is  seen  in  the  corresponding  sizes  in  series  2.  The  ultimate  ash 
average  for  series  1  is  16.09  per  cent  and  for  series  2  it  is  17.85  per  cent. 
These  values  vary  consistently  with  the  variation  in  the  percentages  of 
fine  material  in  the  respective  series.  On  the  other  hand,  the  duplicate 
halves  a  and  b  throughout,  because  of  their  uniformity  resulting  from 
the  sizing  process,  show  results  in  the  several  pairs  which  check  very 
closely. 

The  values  as  presented  in  the  table,  therefore,  show  clearly  that 
in  the  process  of  subdividing  the  gross  sample  and  in  the  further  reduc- 
tion of  the  sample  as  received  at  the  laboratory,  great  care  must  be 
exercised  to  see  that  no  part  of  the  manipulation  is  of  such  a  nature  as 
will  promote  segregation  of  the  constituents. 

A  riffle  constructed  according  to  the  pattern  shown  in  figure  3  may  be 


16 


PURCHASE    AND    SALE    OF    ILLINOIS    COAL. 


used  to  advantage  after  the  sample  has  been  reduced  by  quartering-  to 
about  30  pounds.  At  this  stage  the  sample  is  ground  to  ^-inch  size, 
hence  the  riffle  openings  may  be  y2-mo.\\  in  width.  With  this  variation 
in  the  openings  the  riffle  as  shown  in  figure  3  is  substantially  the  one 
described  in  the  Bulletin  of  the  Ohio  Geological  Survey,  No.  9,  p.  313, 
1908. 


^r 

}* f 

- 

•■        '"" 

'  K, 

,    ,,•'         .    ■ 

\* 

ipl'-^B 

N;\ 

' 

<0 

, 

~'::!i%?:::r 

Figure  3. — kiffle. 

Moisture  Control. 
The  second  essential  in  taking  and  preparing  a  sample  relates  to 
the  free  moisture  present,  and  requires  that  the  changes  in  moisture 
content  "must  be  under  exact  control  so  that  at  any  stage  the  ratio  of 
the  moisture  present  to  the  original  moisture  of  the  mass  may  be 
definitely  known." 


CONDITIONS   THAT   FACILITATE   THE   LOSS   OF    MOISTURE. 

In  coals  of  this  region  especially,  where  the  moisture  in  the  coal 
as  it  comes  from  the  mine  averages  from  10  to  15  per  cent  the  tendency 
toward  moisture  changes  is  very  marked.  For  example,  the  process  of 
crushing  down  the  larger  sizes  affords  an  opportunity  for  the  escape  of 
moisture.  Again,  if  the  coal  is  spread  out  on  the  floor  of  a  hot  boiler 
room  or  left  exposed  to  currents  of  air  for  any  length  of  time  there  will 
be  a  serious  change  in  the  moisture  factor.     Another  practice  sometimes 


METHODS  OF  SAMPLING.  17 

followed  is  that  of  assembling  the  various  increments  of  the  gross 
sample  in  a  sack  or  other  receptacle  permitting  a  relatively  free  trans- 
mission of  air.  Samples  kept  in  this  manner  for  any  length  of  time  or 
shipped  in  such  containers  will  have  a  moisture  content  quite  different 
from  the  original. 

PRECAUTIONARY   MEASURES. 

The  methods  employed,  therefore,  in  collecting  and  reducing  a  gross 
sample  must  have  special  reference  to  this  tendency  on  the  part  of  the 
free  moisture  to  escape.  The  work  should  be  done  rapidly  in  a  room 
at  or  below  the  normal  temperature  and,  so  far  as  possible,  with  the 
use  of  closed  apparatus  which  admits  of  the  least  possible  exchange  of 
the  contained  air.  Precautionary  measures  of  this  sort  should  be  made 
at  the  very  outset.  The  gross  sample,  which  is  made  up  of  small  incre- 
ments collected  usually  over  a  considerable  length  of  time,  should  be 
enclosed  in  a  tight  box  or  clean  garbage  can  having  a  tightly  fitting 
cover  wmich  can  be  closed  and  locked  against  the  possibility  of  change 
until  the  time  for  grinding  and  reducing. 

ILLUSTRATIVE  METHODS  OF  COAL  SAMPLING. 
Face  Sampling. 
Since  the  procedure  for  obtaining  the  face  samples  described  in 
this  report  serves  as  a  good  illustration  of  methods  adapted  to  meet  the 
principles  above  enumerated  concerning  the  uniformity  of  composition 
and  control  of  moisture,  the  details  of  the  process  for  collecting,  and 
subsequent  preparation  for  shipment  in  the  small  container  are  here 
given  in  full.  The  methods  thus  described  are  applicable  in  principle  to 
the  collection  of  any  and  all  samples  from  whatever  source. 

DIRECTIONS    FOR   COLLECTING   FACE   SAMPLES   IN    THE    MINE.1 

Selection  of  the  face 

Choose  three  faces  in  the  mine  as  widely  separated  as  possible  in 

order   to   give   a   good   aArerage   of   the   coal   for   that   mine.      An 

attempt  should  always  be  made  to  get  faces  which  have  not  been 

exposed  more  than  48  hours. 

Preparation  of  the  face  :    j 

(a).     Fresh  faces 

1.  With  a  pick  remove  all  loose  coal    (that  which  sounds  hollow 
when  tapped  with  the  pick)  and  square  up  the  face. 

2.  Brush  off  the  loose  coal,  dust  and  powder  stains  from  the  face 
for  a  distance  equal  to  the  length  of  the  blanket  (5  to  7  feet). 

(b).     Exposed  faces 
For  exposed  faces  the  procedure  is  the  same  as  above,  except  that 
before  brushing-  the  face,  a  strip  of  the  coal  one  to  two  inches  in 

1  Substantially  as  given  in  Bureau  of  Mines  Technical  Paper  No.  1  with  the  exception  of  the  prepara- 
tion,  grinding1,   etc.,   of  the   sample. 


18 


PURCHASE   AND    SALE   OF   ILLINOIS    COAL. 


thickness  and  about  a  foot  wide  is  cut  down  the  full  vertical 
height  of  the  face.  This  is  done  to  give  a  comparatively  fresh 
face  for  the  sample. 

Cutting  down  the  sample 

1.  Spread  the  blanket  at  the  base  of  the  clean  portion  of  the  iace, 
taking  care  that  it  fits  close  at  the  bottom. 

2.  With  a  pick  cut  down  a  strip  of  coal  six  inches  wide  and  two 
inches  deep,  the  full  vertical  height  of  the  seam.  At  least  six 
pounds  of  coal  should  be  cut  down  for  each  foot  in  thickness.  All 
partings  of  sulphur,  bone  or  slate  over  y%  inches  thick  are  rejected 
as  these  are  supposed  to  be  thrown  out  by  the  miner. 

Preparation  of  the  sample 

1.  The  blanket  containing  the  sample  as  cut  down  should  be  spread 
upon  a  smooth  hard  place  on  the  floor  and  the  lumps  all  cracked 


Figure  4. — sampler's  kit. 


down  with  a  pick  to  a  size  suitable  for  readily  passing-  into  the 
grinder.     This  can  be  done  directly  upon  the  blanket. 

2.  Pass  all  of  the  sample  through  the  grinder. 

3.  The  sample  is  then  riffled  down  until  just  enough  remains  to 
fill  the  sample  can  when  the  material  is  well  shaken  down  and 
the  can  filled  full  so  as  to  displace  as  much  air  as  possible. 

4.  After  filling  as  indicated  under  (3)  the  can  is  sealed  with  elec- 
trician's tape. 


METHODS  OF  SAMPLING. 


19 


sampler's  kit. 

The  sampler's  kit  is  shown  in  figure  4.  The  outfit  together  with 
sample  cans  and  labels  make  up  a  total  weight  of  23  to  25  pounds. 

Where  a  portable  mill  is  not  available  the  crushing  of  the  larger 
lumps  must  be  accomplished  by  tamping.  This  is  a  slow  and  tedious 
process.     With  the  mill,  the  grinding  of  the  average  gross  sample  can 


Figure  5. — coal  grinder  showing  method  for  attaching  legs. 


be  accomplished  in  thirty  minutes.  The  mill  employed  in  this  work 
was  of  cast  aluminium  except  the  grinding  parts  and  supports,  and 
weighed  complete  about  18  pounds.  The  method  of  assembling  and 
operating  is  shown  in  figures  4  and  5. 

By  the  use  of  this  outfit  a  5-pound  sample  in  the  best  possible  con- 
dition as  to  size,  evenness  of  mixture,  and  accuracy  of  moisture  content, 


20 


PURCHASE    AND    SALE    OF    ILLINOIS    COAL. 


is  obtained.  Where  power  and  the  mechanical  accessories  are  available 
the  time  required  for  delivering1  the  5-pound  sample  may  be  further 
reduced  by  one-half  or  more. 

SHIPMENT  OF  SAMPLE. 

After  thus  reducing  the  sample  to  about  five  pounds,  it  is  placed  in 
a  can,  such  as  is  shown  in  figure  6,  and  forwarded  to  the  laboratory. 
The  particular  feature  of  the  container  is  the  skirted  screw  cap,  which 
by  use  of  electrician's  tape  wound  about  the  base  of  the  cover  affords 
further  security  in  sealing.  On  the  inside  it  should  contain  a  suitable 
ticket  giving  all  the  necessary  data. 


Figure  6.— container  for  coal  sample. 
Samples  Taken  From  Commercial  Supplies. 


use  of  grinder  and  riffle. 

It  should  be  a  comparatively  simple  matter  at  any  power  plant  to 
duplicate  in  principle  the  methods  for  sampling  at  the  mine,  and  even  to 
improve  the  conditions  for  preserving  the  moisture  values.  The  first 
essentia]  is  a  power  mill  through  which  the  entire  gross  sample  can  be 
quickly  run.     An   illustration  of  such  an   equipment  is  shown   in  figure  7. 


METHODS  OF   SAMPLING. 


21 


Figure  7. — equipment  for  grinding  commercial  samples. 


22 


PURCHASE   AND    SALE    OF    ILLINOIS    COAL. 


In  place  of  the  blanket  for  rolling-  the  samples,  a  closed  mechanical 
mixer,   such  as  is  shown  in  figures  1   and  2   is  preferred. 


WAL~  ^'GACIOCT 


CI 


12."   PULLEY'' 


Wall,  duack&t- 


AlXfcS 


Figure  8. — closed  mechanical  mixer. 


METHODS  OF  SAMPLING. 


23 


A 


Delivery  5p°<jt 


Aixee 


T2irr-i_t£ 


vSiDtr    IrutvATl°^ 


Figure  9. — side  view  of  mix  eh. 


24 


PURCHASE   AND    SALE   OF    ILLINOIS    COAL. 


The  next  essential  is  some  form  of  automatic  riffling-  device,  and 
here  it  is  possible  to  improve  upon  the  field  apparatus  by  enclosing  a 
series  of  riffles  in  a  chute  thus  reducing  the  accessibility  of  air  currents 
and  other  drying  conditions.  Such  a  device  is  shown  in  diagrammatic 
form  in  figure  10.  Specific  conditions  under  which  samples  are  most 
frequently  taken  are  discussed  below. 


DtLIVtEY  CHUTE:  i 


DEUVErtaV  C«UTEr/V?2. 


Setcti=>a\  T*-*t3cj  ■QiTr"F"ur:e 


Figure  10. — an  automatic  riffling  device. 


SAMPLING  THE  CAR  DURING  UNLOADING. 

A  car  of  coal  may  be  sampled  to  the  best  advantage  in  the  process 
of  unloading.  An  occasional  half  shoveful  should  be  thrown  into  a 
proper  receptacle  (see  page  17)  so  that  by  the  time  the  car  is  unloaded 
approximately  200  pounds,  evenly  distributed  throughout  the  load  will 
have  been   taken.     This  will   mean   about  one-half  shovelful   for  everv 


METHODS  OF   SAMPLING.  25 

ten  full  scoops.  They  are  best  taken  in  the  process  of  shoveling  from 
the  bottom  of  the  car,  since  the  top  coal  rolls  down  and  mixes  fairly 
evenly  with  the  bottom.  It  should  be  kept  in  mind  that  in  taking  a 
sample  there  must  be  obtained  the  different  sizes  of  coal,  fine  and  coarse 
in  their  proper  proportions  from  the  entire  cross-section  of  the  mass, 
and  also  an  even  distribution  of  the  same  lengthwise  of  the  car.  Even 
greater  care  must  be  taken  to  guard  against  loss  of  moisture  in  the 
process  of  collecting  and  in  reducing  the  gross  sample  for  the  reason 
that  as  a  rule  the  relative  humidity  outside  of  the  mine  is  lower  and  the 
tendency  of  the  moisture  to  leave  the  coal  is  correspondingly  increased. 

SAMPLING  THE   CAR  WITHOUT   UNLOADING. 

It  has  been  shown  in  Table  3,  that  the  finer  particles  of  a  coal  mass 
are  higher  in  ash  and  hence  have  a  greater  specific  gravity.  They  are 
therefore  more  likely  to  separate  by  gravity  from  the  coarser  material. 
On  this  account,  if  a  car  is  to  be  sampled  without  unloading,  it  is  neces- 
sary to  dig'  well  toward  the  bottom  in  order  to  obtain  a  representative 
sample.  Three  trenches  should  be  dug  crosswise  of  the  load,  one  near 
each  end  and  one  near  the  middle  of  the  car.  These  trenches  should  go 
down  nearly  to  the  bottom  of  the  mass  and  each  size  be  taken  as  nearly 
as  possible  in  its  proper  proportion.  Lump  and  run-of-mine  lots  are 
much  more  difficult  to  sample  than  screenings,  but  it  should  be  noted 
that  screenings  may  vary  greatly,  for  not  infrequently  a  car  is  partially 
loaded  from  one  bin  and  finished  from  another  which  may  be  of  a 
different  size  and  composition.  After  obtaining  the  gross  sample,  the 
methods  to  be  followed  are  the  same  as  those  already  given. 

COMPOSITE   SAMPLES. 

It  is  often  desirable  to  composite  a  number  of  samples.  In  this  way 
a  single  sample  may  be  made  to  represent  a  much  larger  quantity  of 
coal  and  thus  cut  down  the  time  and  expense  involved  in  procuring  the 
analytical  data.  In  this  procedure,  however,  it  must  be  remembered 
that  even  greater  care  should  be  exercised  in  taking  the  several  com- 
ponent samples.  The  amount  of  each  sample  entering  into  the  com- 
posite must  be  in  proportion  to  the  mass  which  it  represents,  and  finally 
a  thorough  and  positive  mixing  of  the  composited  mass  must  be  effected 
before  riffling  down  the  same  to  the  usual  5-pound  quantity. 

It  is  convenient  to  determine  the  amount  of  each  sample  to  be  taken 
by  employing  an  aliquot  system  of  weights.  For  illustration :  Suppose 
we  adopt  1  gram  to  the  100  pounds  as  the  unit  which  shall  enter  into 
the  composite.     Then  a   100,000-pound  car  of  coal  should  be   represented 


26  PURCHASE    AND    SALE    OF    ILLINOIS    COAL. 

by  1,000  grams.  In  compositing,  therefore,  the  entire  content  of  each 
can  will  not  be  taken,  but  instead  an  aliquot  proportion  which  will  give 
to  each  car  lot  its  due  amount.  It  is  preferable  to  use  such  a  factor  as 
shall  utilize  the  major  part  of  the  several  5-pound  samples.  In  this  way 
the  gross  composite  from  10  cars  would  aggregate  20  or  30  pounds 
in  weight.  It  should  be  put  into  the  mixer  and  revolved  until  a 
thoroughly  homogeneous  mass  is  obtained  and  then  riffled  down  to  a 
5-pound  sample  as  already  described.  For  this  procedure  it  is  obvious 
that  the  necessary  data  should  accompany  the  various  samples.  A 
ticket  inserted  in  the  can  before  sealing  should  give  the  data  needed. 
The  form  shown  below  will  be  found  suitable. 

DUST  OR  DUFF  DETERMINATION. 

Specifications  usually  prescribe  the  maximum  amount  of  dust 
allowed.  This  is  designated  as  the  material  which  will  pass  through  a 
screen  with  ^4 -inch  openings.  Obviously  this  item  is  not  taken  into 
account  in  mine  samples,  but  should  be  determined  in  samples  taken 
from  commercial  supplies.  A  determination  of  the  percentage  of  dust 
is  best  made  on  one  of  the  rejected  quarters  of  the  first  subdivision. 
For  example,  a  gross  sample  of  200  pounds  is  mixed  and  quartered. 
One  of  the  quarters  is  taken  and  weighed.  This  is  screened  by  shaking- 
small  portions  at  a  time  in  a  sieve  with  V^-moh  openings,  preferably  a 
sieve  with  circular  perforations  ^-inch  in  diameter.  The  fine  material 
is  collected  and  weighed.  These  two  weights  together  with  the  other 
necessary  data  as  above  noted  should  be  entered  on  a  ticket  and  en- 
closed in  the  shipping-  can.  A  suggested  form  for  this  information  is 
as  follows : 

Received  by 

Date    191 

Car  initial  and  number 

Weight  of  car  content 

Weight  of  quarter  for  dust  determination 

Weight  of  dust  net 

Shipping    point* 

Shipper  or  dealer 

*Where  bill  of  lading  is  accessible  the  place  from  which  shipment  is  made  should  be  indicated. 

The  assembling  of  the  data  thus  supplied  by  the  several  shipments 
should  be  made  in  tabular  form  at  the  laboratory.  A  sample  will 
illustrate  further  the  method  of  keeping  the  record  and  the  use  made  of 
the  data  in  compositing  the  final  sample. 


Label 

Sample   of. 


METHODS  OF  SAMPLING. 

FUEL    LABORATORY    REPORT. 

University  of  Illinois. 

......  From 


27 


User. 


Lot 
No. 

Car  Initial 

Ca^No' ' 

Source : 
Mine  or  operator 

Weight  of 
Car  content 

Weight  of 
quarter 
taken  for 
dust 
determina- 
tion 

Weight 

dust: 

net 

Sampled 
by 

Date  of 
sampling 

1 

?, 

3 

| 

4 

5 

1 

6 

7 

8 

9 
10 

Size  mesh  before  1st  quartering ....Size  mesh  for  composite. 

Composited  by Date   compositing Wt.   of   composite. 


Air-dry  loss 


Report  of  Analysis 
%  Laboratory   No. 


Proximate  Analysis 

"Unit  coal" 

Coal 
"air  dried" 

Coal 
"as  received" 

Coal 
"moisture  free" 

(moisture,  ash  and 

sulphur  free) 

N.  F. 

Moisture 

Volatile  matter 

Fixed  carbon 

Ash .-...;.. 

Total 

Sulphur 

CO, 

Dust 

^Tuf  [  dories 
determ.    )  B.t.u. 

Reported 191. 


Analyst. 


28 


PURCHASE   AND    SALE   OF    ILLINOIS    COAL. 


Table  4. — Data  for  compositing  10  samples. 

Laboratory  No.  6280. 

From — Watertown  State  Hospital. 


Weight 

Source: 

Date  of 

Weight 

Weight 
taken  for 

of   quart- 
er  taken 

Net 

Lot 
No. 

Car 
initial 

Car  No. 

Mine  or 
Operator 

taking 
sample 

of  car 
content 
(pounds) 

the  com- 
posite 
(grams) 

for  dust 
determi- 
nation 
(pounds) 

Weight 

dust 
(pounds) 

1 

M.C.St.L. 

384979 

A  &  B 

1/22/13 

69400 

694 

50 

10 

2 

do 

20313 

1/24/13 

88100 

881 

50 

10 

3 

do 

12201 

1/22/13 

56100 

561 

50 

8 

4 

M.  0. 

12935 

do 

86200 

862 

50 

7 

5 

C.  I.  M. 

657 

do 

86700 

867 

50 

8 

6 

M.  C.  R, 

358482 

do 

49400 

494 

50 

6 

7 

do 

4288 

1/24/13 

69100 

691 

50 

8 

8 

I.  C. 

14027 

1/22/13 

87100 

871 

50 

12 

9 

do 

13654 

do 

87700 

877 

50 

6 

10 

L.  S. 

34081 

do 

84600 

846 

50 

10 

Composite  Total — 7644. 


MOISTURE  CHANGES. 


Moisture  Conditions  and  Nomenclature. 

The  topic  of  moisture  control  has  already  been  discussed,  emphasis 
having-  been  laid  upon  the  fact  that  at  any  stage  of  the  processes  the 
exact  ratio  of  the  moisture  present  to  the  moisture  of  the  original  mass 
must  be  definitely  known.  This  implies  that  moisture  changes  do  occur. 
Indeed  three  moisture  conditions  exist  and,  since  under  each  condition 
all  of  the  accompanying  factors  are  modified  to  meet  the  specific  change 
in  moisture,  a  special  designation  is  applied  to  the  coal  for  each  one  of 
these  conditions. 

Coal  with  all  of  the  normal  moisture  present  is  designated  as  "wet" 
coal  or  coal  "as  received."  It  relates  to  the  moisture  at  the  time  of 
taking  the  sample.  All  of  the  detail  of  the  processes  for  collecting  and 
reducing  the  gross  sample  up  to  and  including  the  item  of  sealing  and 
shipping  the  5-pound  sample  involve  the  preservation  of  this  initial 
moisture  without  loss. 

The  second  moisture  status  is  that  wherein  the  "wet"  or  "as- 
received"  coal  lias  been  dried  to  a  point  of  substantial  equilibrium  with 
the  moisture  of  the  air,  so  that  in  an  atmosphere  of  average  humidity  it 
would  take  on  or  lose  additional  moisture  very  slowly  or  not  at  all.  In 
this  condition  the  coal  sample  is  said  to  be  "air  dry."  This  is  the  condi- 
tion   to    which    the    chemist    must    bring   the    samnle    in    order    that    the 


COMMERCIAL    VALUATION.  29 

processes  of  finer  grinding  and  weighing  may  be  carried  on  without 
change  in  the  moisture  factor.  Obviously  the  amount  of  moisture  lost 
in  passing  from  the  "wet"  or  "as-received"  condition  to  the  "air-dry" 
condition  must  be  carefully  measured.  The  factor  thus  determined  is 
designated  as  the  "loss  on  air  drying."  By  use  of  it  all  of  the  values  ob- 
tained from  analysis  of  the  coal  in  the  "air-dry"  state  may  be  calculated 
to  the  "wet"  or  "as-received"  condition. 

The  third  condition  recognized  is  that  of  "dry"  coal.  This  is  some- 
times designated  as  the  "oven-dry"  or  "moisture-free"  state.  All  of  the 
values  found  for  the  coal  in  the  "air-dry"  condition  may  be  transferred 
by  calculation  and  made  to  apply  to  the  coal  as  "oven  dry."  The  neces- 
sary factor  in  this  case  is  the  loss  of  moisture  obtained  from  drying  the 
"air-dry"  sample  at  or  slightly  above  steam  temperature,  as  220°F.  for 
one  hour.  It  is  not  intended  here  to  give  directions  for  carrying  out 
these  processes.  The  terms  employed,  however,  are  of  so  frequent 
occurrence,  and  in  many  cases  enter  so  vitally  into  a  correct  under- 
standing of  the  methods  upon  which  certain  values  are  based  in  the 
making  of  estimates  and  arriving  at  fuel  settlements  that  at  least  a  brief 
reference  seems  desirable. 

CALCULATIONS. 

To  calculate  the  percentage  values  obtained  on  "air-dry"  coal  to  the 
"dry-coal"  basis,  divide  each  constituent  by  (1 — w)  in  which  w  is  the 
moisture  present  in  the  "air-dry"  sample.  The  moisture  factor  for  the 
"dry"  coal  is  omitted  of  course,  and  the  sum  of  the  resulting  constituents 
should  total  100  per  cent. 

To  calculate  from  the  "air-dry"  values  to  the  "wet,"  or  "as-received," 
condition  multiply  each  percentage  for  the  "air-dry"  state  by  (1 — /)  in 
which  /  is  the  loss  on  air  drying.  The  moisture  factor  thus  derived  plus 
the  loss  on  air  drying  equals  the  total  moisture  in  the  "wet"  coal.  This 
and  the  other  factors  calculated  as  described  should  equal  100  per  cent. 

COMMERCIAL  VALUATION  AS  AFFECTED  BY  CHEMICAL  AND 
PHYSICAL  PROPERTIES. 

Moisture. 

relation  of  coal-bed  moisture  to  commercial  moisture. 

In  comparison  with  Eastern  and  European  coal  the  coal-bed 
moisture  of  coals  of  the  Illinois  type  is  high  and  requires  special  con- 
sideration for  a  proper  understanding  of  many  conditions  surrounding 
the  handling  of  this  material. 

In  perhaps  the  majority  of  cases  coal  is  purchased  on  the  basis  of 
its   weight   at   the   mine.      As   a   rule,   the   first   purchaser,    at    least,    is 


30 


PURCHASE   AND    SALE   OF   ILLINOIS    COAL. 


obliged  to  make  settlement  on  the  basis  of  what  is  known  as  the  railroad 
or  mine  weights.  Accordingly  the  total  moisture  as  found  in  the  vein 
sample  probably  represents  as  accurately  as  is  possible  the  moisture 
condition  of  the  coal  as  weighed  in  the  loaded  cars  just  before  shipment 
from  the  mine.  The  chipping,  grinding,  and  riffling  process,  it  is  true 
exposes  the  coal  for  about  an  hour  and  subjects  it  to  the  possibility  ot 
a  slight  loss  of  moisture;  so  also  does  the  process  of  breaking  out,  load- 
ing, hauling,  hoisting,  and  screening,  require  a  number  of  hours.  These 
two  lots,  therefore— the  coal-bed  sample  and  the  car  ready  for  market — 
are  represented  practically  by  the  same  moisture  factor.  This  would  be 
a  reasonable  conclusion  on  theoretical  grounds  alone,  but  it  is  supported 
also  by  experimental  results,  though  more  data  might  be  desirable  on  the 
point. 

In  the  table  below  are  given  moisture  figures  obtained  on  coal-bed 
samples  taken  in  the  usual  manner  as  described  above,  and,  for  com- 
parison, in  the  same  column  are  given  the  moisture  amounts  for  coal 
from  the  tipple  or  chutes  as  it  passed  to  the  railroad  cars.  These  results 
show  a  very  close  agreement  in  the  mine-run  and  screened-lump  samples. 
The  greatest  variations  would  be  expected  in  the  screenings  where  the 
floor  material  and  other  foreign  matter  enter  into  the  output,  but  even 
here  the  agreement  is  quite  close. 


Table  5. — Moisture  in  face  samples  compared  with  moisture  in  shipping  samples 

taken  at  the  mine. 


Lab. 
No. 

County 

No.  oi 

coal 

bed 

Moisture  in 

face  samples 

(per  cent) 

Moisture  in   commercial  samples 

Screened 

lump 
(per  cent) 

Mine  run 
(per  cent) 

Screenings 
(per  cent) 

5130 
5131 
5132 

Sangamon. . 

6 

15.22 
13.10 
14.43 
Av.— 14.25 

14.75 
14.14 

14.44 

6016 
6017 
6018 

Macoupin.  . 

6 

14.29 
15.51 
13.81 
Av.— 14.54 

13.40 
13.39 

13.39 

13.79 

13.79 

5517 

5518 
5515 

Madison .  . . 

6 

12.44 
12.11 
13.88 
Av.— 12.81 

11.89 

11.89 

12.41 
13.42 

12.91 

COMMERCIAL    VALUATION 


31 


Table 

5. — Moisture  in  face  samples  compared  with  moisture  in  shipping  samples 
taken  at  the  mine. — Concluded. 

County 

No.  of 
coal 
bed 

Moisture  in 

face  samples 

(per  cent) 

Moisture  in  commercial  samples 

Lab. 

No. 

Screened 

lump 
(per  cent) 

Mine  run 
(per  cent) 

Screenings 
(per  cent) 

6023 
6026 

Madison.  .  . 

6 

12.52 

12.71 

Av.— 12.61 

11.99 

11.99 

10.09 

10.09 

11.78 

11.78 

5988 
5990 
5993 

Williamson . 

6 

9.76 
8.28 
8.72 
Av.—  8.92 

7.92 

7.40 

7.66 

8.25 

8.25 

5984 
5991 
5983 

Williamson . 

6 

7.86 
6.95 
8.08 
Av.—  7.63 

7.17 
7.45 

7.31 

8.73 

8.73 

LOSS  OF   MOISTURE  ON    SHIPPING. 

In  the  process  of  shipping  and  marketing  coals  of  the  Illinois  type 
there  is  frequently  a  shrinkage  in  weight  due  to  the  loss  of  the  excess 
moisture.  This  may  be  from  2  to  4  per  cent  of  the  gross  weight,  de- 
pending upon  weather  conditions,  the  length  of  time  in  transit,  and  other 
factors.  This  shrinkage  in  weight,  however,  is  not  a  real  loss,  since  in- 
crease of  the  heat  value  per  pound  is  almost  directly  proportional  to  the 
loss  of  moisture.  When  screenings  are  subjected  to  extreme  weather 
conditions,  such  as  heavy  rains,  snow,  or  sleet,  there  may  indeed  be  a 
gain  in  weight  instead  of  a  loss.  Obviously  this  high  moisture  is  a  dis- 
turbing element,  and  much  more  so  with  coals  of  this  type  than  with 
those  of  the  eastern  bituminous  variety,  where  the  coal-bed  moisture 
does  not  vary  widely  from  the  amount  which  would  be  in  practical 
equilibrium  with  the  moisture  of  the  atmosphere. 

To  illustrate  the  amount  of  variation  in  moisture  due  to  weather 
conditions  there  is  presented  below  the  average  of  a  number  of  moisture 
values  on  shipments  received  at  the  University  of  Illinois  steam-heating 
plant  during  approximately  four  years  and  coming  from  two  distinct 
fields.  It  is  to  be  noted  that  shipment  from  the  Danville  district  is 
direct.  The  distance  is  about  30  miles,  and  the  time  between  the  break- 
ing out  of  the  coal  at  the  working  face  to  the  delivery  and  sampling  at  the 
power  station  was  not  more  than  two  or  three  days.  The  distance,  from 
Christian  County  is  approximately  three  times  as  great,  and  shipments  con- 
sume on  the  average  two  or  three  times  the  length  of  time  in  transit. 


32 


PURCHASE    AND    SALE    OF    ILLINOIS    COAL. 


Tabue  6. — Moisture  values  in  commercial  samples  at  point  of  delivery  compared 

with  coal-bed  moisture. 


(All  samples  made  on  screenings.) 


Ta- 
ble 
No. 

County 

Dates  covered 
by  shipments 

No. 
cars 
sam- 
pled 

Moisture  in  car 
samples  (av- 
erage of  per- 
centages) 

Moisture  i  n 

face  samples 

(per  cent) 

Variation 

from 

mine 

moisture 

(percent) 

1 

Christian 

Sept.,    Oct.,    Nov., 
1907 

17 

12.67 

15.01 
Oct.,  1908 

—2.34 

2 

Christian. . . 

Dec,    Jan.,    Feb., 
1907-1908 

24 

13.67 

— 1  34 

3 

Christian .... 

March,   April, 
May,  1908 

19 

13.89 

— 1  12 

4 

Christian 

June,    July,    Aug., 
1908 

9 

14.40 

—    61 

Average         12 
months .  . 

13.58 

— 1  43 

5 

Vermilion .  . . 

Sept.,    Oct.,    Nov., 
1908 

19 

13.71 

12.89 
(Av.  of  seven2) 

+  .82 

6 

Vermilion .  .  . 

Dec,    Jan.,    Feb., 
1908-1909 

19 

13.26 

+   .37 

7 

Vermilion .... 

March,   April, 
May,   1909 

17 

13.37 

+   .48 

8 

Vermilion .  . . 

June,    July,    Aug., 
1909 

6 

11.44 

— 1.45 

9 

Vermilion .  . . 

Sept.,    Oct.,    Nov., 
1909 

17 

13.32 

+   .43 

Average         15 
months .  . 

13.21 

+  .32 

*  Note — There   have   been   taken    in   the   Danville   district   from   the   one   mine   seven   face    samples   as 
follows: 

13.14     Sept.,    1908. 

12.76     March,  1912. 

12.20 

12.70 

13.53 

13.27 

12.07 


Av.    12.89 


COMMERCIAL    VALUATION. 


33 


Table  6. — Moisture  values  in  commercial  samples  at  point  of  delivery  compared 
with  coal-bed  moisture — Concluded. 
(All  samples  made  on  screenings.) 


Ta- 
ble 
Mo. 

County 

Dates  covered 
by  shipments 

No. 
cars 
sam- 
pled. 

Moisture  in  car 
samples  (av- 
erage of  per- 
centages) 

Moisture  i  n 

face  samples 

(per  cent) 

Variation 

from 

mine 

moisture 

(percent) 

10 

Vermilion 

Dec,    Jan.,    Feb., 
1909-1910 

28 

12.04 

—  .85 

11 

Vermilion .... 

March,  April, 
May,   1910 

12 

12.24 

—  .65 

12 

Vermilion 

June,    July,   Aug., 
1910 

4 

12.84 

—    05 

Average      9 
months 

12.17 

—  .72 

13 

Vermilion 

Dec,    Jan.,    Feb., 
1910-1911 

31 

12.69 

—  .20 

14 

Vermilion 

March,  April, 
May,  1911 

20 

12.20 

—  .69 

15 

Vermilion 

June,    July,    Aug., 
1911 

4 

13.03 

+   -14 

16 

Vermilion 

Sept.,    Oct.,   Nov., 
1911 

23 

13.42 

+  .53 

Average        12 
months 

12.79 

—  .10  . 

17 

Vermilion 

Dec,    Jan.,    Feb., 
1911-1912 

35 

13.24 

12.89 
Av.  of  seven 

+  .35 

18 

Vermilion 

March,  April, 
May,  1912 

18 

13.99 

+1.10 

19 

Vermilion 

June,    July,    Aug., 
1912 

9 

11.70 

—1.19 

20 

Vermilion 

Sept.,    Oct.,    Nov., 
1912 

11 

13.80 

+  .91 

21 

Vermilion 

December,  1912.  . 

12.76 

—  .13 

Average         12 
months 



13.80 

+  .91 

3-4  PURCHASE    AND    SALE    OF    ILLINOIS    COAL. 

USE  OF  THE   COAL-BED    MOISTURE    CONTENT   AS   A    BASIS. 

From  the  data  presented  it  seems  evident  that  the  controlling  factors 
are  weather  or  season,  and  distance  from  the  mine  to  the  delivery  point. 
The  greater  the  time  between  the  mining  of  the  coal  and  its  delivery, 
the  greater  the  variation  in  moisture  from  the  normal.  Furthermore, 
mine  weights  are  based  upon  a  moisture  content  which  corresponds 
quite  closely  to  the  normal  or  coal-bed  moisture.  Although  it  is  true 
that  the  moisture  content  in  the  mine  itself  varies  to  a  certain  extent  at 
the  different  working  faces,  and  that  there  may  be  further  variations  due 
to  moisture  conditions  in  the  mine  and  to  the  extent  to  which  finely 
divided  foreign  matter  from  the  floor  and  roof  are  allowed  to  mix  with 
the  coal,  yet  the  moisture  factor  for  the  regular  output  of  a  mine  is 
remarkably  uniform. 

This  uniformity  in  moisture  content  indicates  the  practicability  of 
adopting  the  normal  or  coal-bed  moisture  factor  of  a  given  mine  as  the 
moisture  percentage  present  in  the  coal  weighed  at  the  mine,  on  the  as- 
sumption, of  course,  that  conditions  of  mining  are  those  which  ordinarily 
attend  the  handling  of  coal  in  Illinois.  Indeed,  when  one  examines  the 
variations  due  to  shipping  under  all  sorts  of  weather  conditions,  it  is 
seen  at  once  that  where  settlement  is  based  upon  mine  weights  this 
method  is  entirely  practicable,  and  indeed  is  probably  subject  to  smaller 
factors  of  error  than  the  usual  sampling  methods  as  carried  out  at  the 
point  of  delivery. 

Under  the  system  of  sampling  the  coal  at  the  point  of  delivery  loss 
of  moisture  is  disregarded.  The  coal  is  brought  to  the  "air-dry"  condi- 
tion, and  the  moisture  determined  on  the  laboratory  sample  in  the  usual 
manner.  The  values  thus  obtained  on  the  "air-dry"  sample  are  calculated 
to  the  "dry-coal"  basis  by  dividing  each  percentage  by  1.00  minus  the 
"air-dry"  moisture.  To  derive  the  values  on  the  wet  or  mine  weight 
basis,  the  values  for  the  "dry"  basis  are  multiplied  by  1.00  minus  the 
total  moisture  as  established  for  the  coal-bed  or  normal  moisture.  The 
same  result  in  slightly  different  form  may  be  calculated  directly  from 
the  "air-dry"  to  the  "wet"  coal  by  multiplying  the  values  obtained  from 
the  "air-dry"  sample  by  a  factor  derived  from  the  expression : 

\—W 


-w 


in  which  W  is  the  total  per  cent  of  water  assumed  to  be  present  in  the 
"wet"  coal  and  w  is  the  per  cent  of  water  in  the  "air-dry"  sample. 

Of  course,  if  the  factor  thus  derived  is  applied  to  the  moisture  con- 
tent of  the  air-dry  sample,  the  resulting  value  represents  the  equivalent 


COMMERCIAL    VALUATION.  35 

percentage  of  that  moisture  when  referred  to  the  "wet"  basis.  The  total 
moisture  of  the  "wet"  coal,  therefore,  minus  the  percentage  of  moisture 
in  the  "air-dry"  coal  gives  the  moisture  loss  which  would  have  occurred 
if  a  mine  sample  of  the  coal  had  been  brought  to  the  same  "air-dry" 
condition  and  the  loss  on  such  air  drying  obtained  by  direct  weighing. 
In  such  a  case,  however,  where  a  total  moisture  factor  at  the  mine  is 
recognized,  there  is  no  need  of  determining  what  would  have  been  the 
loss  on  air  drying. 

RANGE  OF  VARIATION  FOR  MOISTURE  FACTORS  REFERRED  TO  GEOGRAPHICAL 

LOCATION. 

A  study  of  the  tabulated  results  of  coal  analysis  (Table  9)  shows 
that  a  certain  limited  range  of  variation  exists  in  the  vein  moisture  over 
certain  fairly  well  defined  areas.  For  example,  north  and  west  from 
Williamson  and  Jackson  Counties  the  percentage  of  vein  moisture  is 
greatest  and  averages  from  12  to  15  per  cent.  In  that  part  of  coal  No. 
6  southeast  of  the  Duquoin  anticline,  the  percentage  of  coal-bed  mois- 
ture drops  appreciably  to  an  average  of  7  to  10  per  cent,  whereas  in 
Saline  County  a  still  lower  figure  is  reached  for  coal  No.  5. 

Ash. 
causes  of  variation  in  ash. 

The  ash  in  the  commercial  output  of  Illinois  coals  is  subject  to  even 
greater  variations  than  is  the  moisture,  and,  although  it  is  not  possible 
to  arrive  at  so  definite  a  factor  for  the  product  of  a  given  mine  as  can  be 
done  for  moisture,  there  is  all  the  more  need  for  acquainting  ourselves 
with  certain  definite  and  well-established  facts.  A  few  of  these  facts 
may  be  emphasized  as  follows : 

ist.  The  ash  content  obtained  from  selected-lump  or  hand- 
picked  samples  does  not  necessarily  bear  any  relation  to  the  ash  of 
the  average  output  of  the  mine. 

2d.  The  ash  values  obtained  for  coal-bed  samples  represent 
approximately  the  normal  ash  of  the  seam.  It  is  most  nearly  dupli- 
cated in  the  commercial  output  of  the  mine  by  the  ash  content  of 
the  screened  lump. 

3d.  The  greatest  divergence  in  ash  percentages  is  found  in 
the  fine  stuff  or  screenings  which  often  contain  double,  and  some- 
times even  more  than  double,  the  ash  of  the  coal-bed  sample.  The 
results  seldom  fall  below  V/z  times  the  normal  ash  of  the  bed. 

In  Table  7  ash  values  are  given  for  a  number  of  mines  in  each  of 
which  face  samples  were  collected  at  widely  separated  points.  The 
variations  in  the  ash  content  of  these  samples  do  not  exceed  3.5  per  cent 


36 


PURCHASE   AND    SALE   OF   ILLINOIS    COAL. 


in  any  one  mine.  This  extreme  variation  probably  is  due  not  so  much 
to  a  variation  in  the  coal  as  to  the  impracticability  of  excluding-  from 
each  sample  exactly  the  same  proportion  of  the  parting,  slate,  etc.  How- 
ever, the  average  of  the  three  face  samples  doubtless  constitutes  a  fair 
average  of  the  normal  or  coal-bed  ash  for  any  given  mine. 

Table  7. — Ash  in  face  samples  compared  with  ash  in  commercial  shipping  samples 

taken  at  the  mine. 


O 
O 

Ash  in  face 
samples 
"dry  coal" 

Ash  in  Commercial  samples  "Dry  coal" 

County 

Screened 
lump 

Washed 
nut 

Nut 
3-inch 

Mine  run 

Screen- 
ings 

A— Chris- 
tian 

6 

7.57 

9.44 

6.84 
10.71 

9.82 

9.45 
Av.—    8.97 

19.13 

« 

19.13 

B — Madison 

6 

11.71 
14.00 
12.53 
Av.—  12.75 

13.12 

13.12 

14.95 
16.23 

15.59 

25.82 

25.82 

C — Madison 

6 

14.15 
12.43 
12.02 

Av.— 12.87 

15.15 

15.15 

25  72 

25.72 

-rrr. 

D — Sanga- 
mon 

6 

10.84 
12.42 
12.10 
Av.—  11.79 

14.71 
15.60 

15.15 

E — Sanga- 
mon 

6 

11.57 
12.14 
14.13 
Av.—  12.61 

14.21 
14.81 

14.52 

17.96 

17  96 

F — Sanga- 
mon 

5 

14.73 
13.09 
11.48 
11.91 
Av.— 12.80 

17.87 

17.87 

17  13 

17  13 

COMMERCIAL    VALUATION 


37 


Table  7. — Ash  in  face  samples  compared  with  ash  in  commercial  shipping  samples 
taken  at  the  mine. — Concluded. 


CD 

o 
O 

Ash  in  face 

samples 
"dry   coal" 

Ash  in  Commercial  samples  "Dry  coal" 

County 

Screened 
lump 

Washed 
nut 

Nut 
3-inch 

Mine  run 

Screen- 
ings 

G — Sanga- 
mon 

5 

9.94 
10.01 
Av.—    9.98 

Av.  83 
samples 
16.02 

H — Verm  il- 

6 

11.95 
Av.—  11.95 

13.71 

13.71 

15.35 

15  35 

l—William- 
son 

6 

9.39 
10.48 

8.20 
Av.—    9.36 

14.06 
13.81 

13.93 

15  36 

15.36 

J— William- 

6 

12.46 
12.01 
12.48 
Av.—  12.33 

17.05 
16.43 

16.74 

17.72 

17.72 

K— Wil- 

6 

10.65 
Av.— 10.65 

13.98 

13.98 

14.13 

14.13 

With  this  value  as  a  basis  it  is  of  interest  to  note  that  the  com- 
mercial output  will  most  nearly  approach  this  factor  for  ash  in  the 
screened  lump.  Probably  the  next  closest  .agreement  is  found  in  the 
washed  nut,  the  next  in  the  mine-run,  and  the  greatest  divergence  is 
naturally  in  the  screenings. 

The  regular  mining  processes  account  for  these  conditions.  The 
floor  underneath  the  coal  bed  is  composed  of  earthy  matter.  With  the 
present-day  methods  of  mining,  blasting,  and  basis  of  settlement,  there 
is  a  constant  tendency  to  include  this  earthy  material  along  with  the 
coal,  and  since  it  is  in  a  finely  divided  form  it  is  not  readily  seen.  In 
shoveling  from  the  floor,  therefore,  especially  at  the  clean-up  of  a  room, 
more  or  less  of  this  earth  or  shaly  matter  goes  out  as  coal.  It  is  obvious, 
therefore,  that  the  finer  material  will  always  be  higher  in  ash,  and  any 
other  grade  will  be  modified  in  proportion  to  the  amount  of  fine  stuff 
present. 


38  PURCHASE   AND    SALE   OF    ILLINOIS    COAL. 

CONTROLLING  THE  QUALITY  OF  THE  OUTPUT. 

It  is  evident  from  the  foregoing  that  an  improvement  in  quality  is 
possible  by  exercising  care  in  the  various  processes  of  mining  and 
preparation  of  the  output.  For  example,  by  careful  screening,  washing, 
picking,  and  other  processes,  the  ash  content  may  be  lowered  materially, 
even  below  the  normal  factor,  just  as  an  increase  of  dust,  dirt,  and 
earthy  matter  will  augment  the  ash  factor.  Although  it  is  known  that 
mining  methods,  such  as  excessive  blasts,  basis  of  settlement,  and  other 
factors,  directly  encourage  the  mining  of  this  refuse  and  inert  material, 
it  seems  evident  that  the  average  operator  is  not  aware  of  the  extent 
to  which  his  output  is  thus  contaminated. 

Some  misapprehension  is  evident  also  with  regard  to  other  grades 
than  screenings.  Washing  of  coal,  for  example,  if  carefully  done,  may 
and  should  reduce  the  ash  content  from  these  abnormally  high  figures 
down  to  and  even  below  the  normal  coal-bed  ash,  but  too  rapid  work 
or  other  careless  conditions  may  leave  the  coal  with  practically  the 
same  ash  after  passing  through  the  washer  as  upon  entering  it.  More- 
over, the  finer  the  size,  the  greater  the  possibility  of  ash  reduction  by 
washing,  but  there  is  also  greater  possibility,  and  in  too  many  cases  the 
greater  probability,  that  the  output  from  the  washer  will  still  retain  an 
unfortunately  high  ash  content. 

The  ash  factor  for  the  run-of-mine  output  is  also  subject  to  wide 
variations.  The  first  material  loaded  from  a  pile  just  shot  down  consists 
chiefly  of  coarse  material  and  corresponds  to  a  good  quality  of  screened 
lump.  If  a  number  of  such  mine  cars  are  dumped  into  the  same  railway 
car,  such  a  car  when  sampled  shows  a  low  ash  factor,  possibly  lower 
than  the  average  normal  or  vein  percentage.  On  the  contrary,  if  a 
number  of  mine  cars  come  to  the  dump  containing  a  large  percentage 
of  clean-up  from  a  room  or  a  number  of  rooms,  such  material  coming 
simultaneously  into  a  railway  car  will  cause  an  ash  content  for  that  car 
to  run  much  above  the  normal.  Doubtless  in  the  long  run  an  average 
will  be  maintained  which  is  fairly  constant. 

NECESSITY   FOR   MINE  OPERATORS  TO   KNOW  THE  ASH   VALUES   OF  THEIR   COAL. 

Every  mine  operator  should  come  into  possession  of  the  data  cover- 
ing these  values,  and  should  develop  a  log  of  ash  values  for  the  various 
grades  of  output  from  his  mine,  if  any  attempt  is  to  be  made  to  submit 
bids  in  competition  where  guarantees  as  to  ash  values  are  required.  If 
tin's  knowledge  were  in  hand,  serious  and  very  costly  errors  would  be 
avoided  in  making  contracts.  For  example,  certain  of  the  contracts  with 
the  Stale  institutions  for  the  fiscal  year  1912-1913  guaranteed  to  main- 
tain   ;in    ash    content    in    screenings,    "dry-coal"    basis,    of    12    and    13    per 


COMMERCIAL    VALUATION.  39 

cent.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  deliveries  frequently  ran  as  high  as  20 
and  21  per  cent  and  entailed  a  penalty  of  25  to  35  cents  per  ton.  Some 
of  these  discrepancies  are  doubtless  due  to  a  lack  of  information  on  the 
part  of  the  operators  regarding  the  possibility  of  the  earthy  contamina- 
tion which  usually  accompanies  screenings. 

As  a  help  toward  a  fuller  knowledge  of  ash  values  from  the  various 
parts  of  the  State,  the  analytical  data  presented  at  the  end  of  this  dis- 
cussion will  be  found  helpful.  Over  100  mines  have  been  sampled  at 
their  working  faces  in  at  least  three  diffrent  points  in  each  mine.  Here 
is  a  valuable  starting  point  for  obtaining  the  necessary  log  of  ash  values 
for  a  given  mine.  Whereas  in  the  tables  only  the  counties  are  desig- 
nated for  the  source  of  the  various  samples,  the  Survey  will  be  glad  to 
furnish  the  owners  of  the  individual  mines  the  factors  for  their  own  face 
samples,  and  as  soon  as  further  information  concerning  commercial 
averages  becomes  available  they  will  also  be  willingly  placed  at  the 
disposal  of  mine  owners. 

VOLATILE   MATTER,   FIXED   CARBON,  AND   SULPHUR. 

Volatile  matter,  fixed  carbon,  and  sulphur,  ordinarily  do  not  enter 
into  consideration  in  making  contract  specifications.  Pound  for  pound, 
volatile  matter,  as  a  rule  is  likely  to  have  quite  as  high  or  a  higher  heat 
value  than  the  fixed  carbon.  Modern  steam-generating  appliances  should 
be  able  to  burn  one  form  as  efficiently  as  the  other.  House  heating 
appliances,  however,  utilize  a  relatively  low  proportion  of  the  volatile 
material.  In  the  main,  this  constituent  distils  off  into  the  air  with  but  poor 
or  partial  combustion,  and  appears  at  the  chimney  top  in  the  form  of 
black  smoke.  For  these  reasons  the  higher  fixed-carbon  coals  are  better 
for  domestic  use  than  those  high  in  volatile  matter.  Ash  content, 
density,  and  sulphur  also  enter  into  the  account. 

Sulphur  is  present  mainly  in  the  form  of  iron  pyrites,  and  is  detri- 
mental to  the  value  of  the  coal,  especially  after  its  first  stage  of  reduction 
to  ferrous  sulphide,  FeS.  This  change  occurs  at  relatively  low  tempera- 
tures, from  750°  to  900 °F,  and  produces  an  easily  fusible  ingredient 
which  promotes  slagging  and  the  formation  of  clinker.  Sulphur  is  not 
without  some  virtue  as  a  heat-producing  constituent,  however,  but  its 
value  is  low,  having  a  little  over  J/s  the  heat  of  an  equal  weight  of  carbon 
and  about  1/14  the  heat  of  an  equal  weight  of  hydrogen.  Sulphur  may 
be  a  constituent  of  coal  varying  in  amount  from  one  to  six  per  cent,  and, 
because  of  its  chemical  form  and  properties,  should  be  looked  upon  as 
an  ingredient  essentially  different  from  the  organic  matter  or  real  com- 
bustible material.  This  feature  is  more  fully  discussed  under  the  subse- 
quent topic  of  "unit  coal." 


40  purchase  and  sale  of  illinois  coal. 

Duff  or  Dust. 
Finely  divided  material  above  a  certain  per  cent  is  more  detrimental 
to  the  effective  combustion  of  coal  than  is  ordinarily  realized.  When  the 
percentage  of  material  passing  through  a  screen  having  ^-inch,  round  per- 
forations exceeds  a  certain  amount,  the  difficulties  of  operation  are  greatly 
increased  due  to  the  decreased  amount  of  draft,  the  unevenness  of  the  fire, 
the  honeycombing  of  flues,  the  slagging  of  arches,  and  other  objectionable 
conditions.  A  guaranteed  maximum  of  duff  should  therefore  be  established. 
An  excess  over  such  maximum  percentage  should  subject  the  coal  to  pen- 
alty or  rejection  at  the  option  of  the  consumer. 

Calorific  Value, 
relation  between  quantity  of  heat  contained  and  true  value. 
Almost  without  exception  the  value  of  a  coal  is  directly  propor- 
tional to  the  quantity  of  heat  which  it  contains  Yet  occasional  installa- 
tions are  known  where  the  type  of  boiler,  the  setting,  draft,  grate  area, 
and  other  factors,  may  demand  certain  physical  conditions  in  the  fuel 
that  may  take  precedence  even  over  the  actual  heat  content.  But  these 
cases  are  the  exception  rather  than  the  rule.  It  becomes  of  prime 
importance  therefore  to  have  an  accurate  knowledge  of  the  heat  possi- 
bilities of  a  given  coal,  and,  indeed,  this  is  made  the  principal  element 
in  contracting  and  determining  the  settlement  price  for  coals  marketed 
on  the  heat-unit  basis. 

MOST    FAVORABLE    CONDITIONS    FOR   DETERMINATION. 

The  calorific  values  in  British  thermal  units  per  pound  of  coal  for 
all  the  face  samples  listed  in  these  tables  were  determined  within  ten 
days  at  most  from  the  time  of  collection.  There  is  an  appreciable  loss 
in  heat  values  of  Illinois  coals  during  the  first  four  to  six  weeks  after 
breaking  out  from  the  seam.  Hence,  for  a  fair  indication  of  values  it 
is  desirable  to  obtain  the  heat  values  under  average  conditions  of  mining 
and  shipment. 

Unit  Coal. 
meaning  and  application. 
Attention  is  specifically  called  to  the  heat  values  for  the  "unit  coal," 
the  pure  substance  free  from  ash,  moisture,  sulphur,  and  other  minor 
impurities.  This  value  like  the  coal-bed  moisture  may  be  regarded  as 
the  normal  factor  for  the  actual  coal  and  does  not  vary  in  a  given  mine 
from  year  to  year.  If  for  example,  the  average  unit  value  for  a  given 
mine  is  1.4,350  British  thermal  units  per  pound  of  this  material,  any 
sample  with  whatever  content  of  ash  or  moisture,  when  calculated  to 
this  "unit  coal"  basis,  will  give  the  same  average  value  within  the  range 


COMMERCIAL    VALUATION. 


41 


of  experimental  error,  or  about  100  units  in  14,000,  a  variation  of  less 
than  1  per  cent.  This  value  enables  us  to  check  the  correctness  of  the 
various  determinations,  any  one  of  which  if  seriously  in  error  would 
vitiate  the  result.  Conversely,  by  reversing  the  calculation  we  are  en- 
abled to  obtain  a  close  estimate  of  the  heat  value  present  for  any  given 
percentage  of  ash.  This  is  of  special  value  where  it  is  desired  to  submit 
a  bid  for  contracting  in  which  a  guaranteed  heat  value  is  to  be  indicated. 
We  have  given,  therefore,  in  the  tables  these  "unit-coal"  values  for  each 
mine  sampled.  The  formula  by  which  this  value  is  derived  has  already 
been  fully  discussed  in  a  former  bulletin3.  Therefore  the  formula  only 
is  repeated  here. 

TT  .,  -,   ,  Dry  B.  t.  u.  —  5000  S 

Umt  R  L  U-  =1.00  -  (1.08A  +  55S) 

In  which  A  is  the  weight  of  ash  per  gram. 

S  is  the  weight  of  sulphur  per  gram. 

If  every  mine  operator  were  to  obtain  as  often  as  possible  this  "unit" 
value  for  his  product,  he  could  very  shortly  derive  from  an  average  of 
his  log  of  values,  a  basic  factor  which  would  be  of  great  advantage  to 
him  in  submitting  propositions  for  coal  supplies.  An  illustration  of 
such  a  procedure  is  given  below. 

A  special  survey  was  recently  made  of  certain  mines  in  the  five 
counties  named.  The  average  of  the  "unit-coal"  values  for  each  mine 
may  be  taken  as  a  constant  for  the  output  of  that  mine.  Attention  is 
called  to  the  close  agreement  between  these  values  and  the  averages 
obtained  in  the  more  elaborate  survey  shown  in  Table  10. 

Table  8. — Average  heat  value  for  unit  coal4  in  British  thermal  units  per  pound 


No. 


County 


Coal  bed 


Sangamon 5 

Sangamon 6 

Macoupin 6 

Madison .  .  6 

Vermilion 6 

Vermilion 7 

Williamson 6 


Number  of 

sam- 

Average — B.  t.  u. 

pies  averaged 

"unit  coal" 

15 

14424 

5 

14340 

6 

14310 

18 

14350 

19 

14597 

9 

14730 

5 

14750 

CALCULATION   OF   COMMERCIAL  VALUES. 

The  use  which  can  be  made  of  these  "unit"  values  such  as  are  shown 
in  this  table  may  be  readily  understood  when  it  is  remembered  that 
each   number   represents   material   which   is   100   per   cent   pure   and   that 

3  Illinois  State  Geol.   Survey,  Bull.   16,  p.   212,   1909. 

4  Pillar  and  storage   coal  will  have  heat  units  from    1   per  cent   to  4  per   cent   below   the  values  here 
given. 


42  PURCHASE    AND    SALE    OF    ILLINOIS    COAL. 

for  each  per  cent  of  inert  matter  present,  such  as  water  and  ash,  there 
is  a  corresponding  decrease  in  the  number  of  heat  units  present.  That 
is  to  say,  if  a  coal  has  20  per  cent  water  and  ash,  then  80  per  cent  of 
the  "unit"  value  will  represent  the  heat  units  present  per  pound  of  coal 
as  delivered.  Indeed,  it  is  possible  by  taking  account  of  certain  refine- 
ments, such  as  correction  factors  for  sulphur  and  hydration  of  the  shaly 
constituents,  to  make  a  calculation  which  will  be  of  quite  sufficient 
accuracy  for  basing  bids  and  entering  into  contracts  involving  a  guar- 
antee as  to  heat  values.  The  method  of  calculation  is  exceedingly  simple 
and  is  based  on  the  following  expression : 

Let  A  =  weight  of  ash  per  pound  of  coal. 

Let  S  =  weight  of  sulphur  per  pound  of  coal. 

Then — - 

"Dry"  B.t.u.  =  "Unit"  B.t.u.  X  1-00  —  (1.08A  +  0.55S)  +  5000S. 

To  illustrate,  take  the  "unit"  value  for  coal  from  Vermilion  County 
sample  No.  6  in  Table  8.  Suppose  we  wish  to  know  what  heat  values  can 
be  guaranteed  on  deliveries  from  a  mine  of  this  group  on  the  basis  that 
we  can  furnish  material  averaging  as  the  "dry  coal,"  12  per  cent  ash, 
and  3  per  cent  sulphur,  we  will  have  our  total  non-combustible  material 
corrected  by  the  above  formula  as  follows : 

Per  cent 

1.08A 12.96 

0.55S     1.65 

Total    14.61 

100%   —  14.61%   e=  85.39%. 
14730   X   85.39%   =  12578. 
In  this  calculation  the  sulphur  has  been  neglected.     It  has  a  small 
heat   value   equal   to   5000   times   the   weight   of   sulphur   present   or   50 
times  the  percentage  number,  thus  : 

50  X  3.  =  150  units  to  be  added  to  the  above  value,  or 

12578 
150 

12728  B.t.u.5 
Deliveries  from  this  mine,  therefore,  having  ash,  and  sulphur  as 
indicated  above  can  be  depended  upon  as  carrying  12728  heat  units  per 
pound  of  "dry"  coal,  and  this  factor  should  be  accurate  within  100  units 
in  12000  or  less  than  a  variation  of  1  per  cent  from  values  as  they  would 
be  determined  by  direct  reading  from  an  instrument.  Any  other  set 
of  values  for  ash  and  sulphur  would  similarly  admit  of  ready  calculation 
and  should  be  used  as  a  basis  for  calculations  involving  guarantees  of 
deliveries  on  a  heat-unit  basis.  If  the  heat  units  on  the  "wet"  coal 
basis  are  desired  assuming,  for  example,  a  moisture  factor  of  J 5  per  cent, 

'  '  - iare  i  ample  1711  Vermilion  6,  p.  56. 


COMMERCIAL    VALUATION. 


43 


the  above  value  as  derived  for  "dry"  coal  should  be  multiplied  by  .85, 
that  is,  12728  B.t.u.  X  .85  =  10818  B.t.u.  per  pound  of  the  "wet"  coal, 
assuming  a  moisture  factor  of  15  per  cent  as  indicated.  In  this  connection 
attention  should  be  given  to  the  assumed  values  which  it  is  proposed  to 
maintain  for  water  and  ash.     Extended  calculations  are  given  in  Table  12. 

ANALYTICAL  DATA. 
Analyses  of  Mine  Samples. 
In  Table  10  are  given  analyses  from  345  coal-bed  samples  which 
were  taken  from  100  mines  in  the  State.  They  are  grouped  by  coal-beds 
and  counties  and  represent  all  of  the  producing  areas  of  the  State.  Table 
No.  9  showing  counties  and  district  classification  is  presented  for  cross 
reference.     (See  Plate  I). 

Table  9. — Alphabetical  arrangement  of  counties. 


County 

Coal  bed 

District 

County 

Coal  bed 

District 

Bond 

6 

1,  2 
2 

1,  2 

1,  2,  6 

6 

6 

6 

1,  2,  5 

5,  6 

1,  2 
2 

1,  2 
1,  2,  6 

2,  6 
6 

1,  2 

1,  2,  5 

2,  5,  7 
2,  5,  7 

5 
5 
6 
6 
6 

2,  6 

VII 

III 

I 

III 

III,  VII 

VII 

Vlli 

VI 

III,  IV 

V 

III 

I 

III 

III,  VII 

II,  VI 

VI 

III 

III,  IV 

I 
I 

IV 

IV 

VII 

VII 

VII 

I 

McDonough 

McLean 

1,  2 

2,  5 
5 

1,  2 
6 
6 
5 
6 
2 
6 

1,  2 
6 
5 

5,  6 
1,  2 
1,  2 

6 
6 
5 

6,  7 
1,  2 

6 
2 
2 
6 

III 

Brown 

I,  IV 

Bureau 

Menard 

Mercer 

IV 

Calhoun 

III 

Christian 

Montgomery 

Moultrie 

Peoria 

Perry 

Putnam 

Randolph 

Rock  Island 

St.  Clair 

Saline 

Sangamon 

VII 

Clinton 

VII 

Edgar 

IV 

Franklin 

Fulton 

Gallatin 

Green 

VI,  VII 

I 

VII 

III 

Grundy 

Hancock 

Henry 

VII 

V 

IV,  VII 

Jackson 

Jefferson 

Jersey 

Schuyler 

Scott 

Shelby 

III 
III 

VII 

Knox 

LaSalle 

Livingston 

Logan 

Stark 

Tazewell 

Vermilion 

Warren 

Washington 

Woodford 

Will 

Williamson 

I 

IV 

VIII 

III 

Macon 

Macoupin 

Madison 

Marion 

Marshall 

VII 

I 
I 

VI 

For  a  given  geological  bed  the  counties  represented  are  arranged 
alphabetically  in  Table  10.  A  further  grouping  is  shown  by  use  of  the  co- 
operative numbers,  these  represent  samples  from  the  same  mine.  Two  sets 
of  values  are  given  for  each  sample — one  showing  the  normal  or  coal-bed 
moisture,  and  the  other  calculated  to  the  "dry-coal"  or  moisture-free 
basis.  There  is  also  given  the  value  for  the  "unit-coal"  in  British  thermal 
units  as  derived  by  means  of  the  formula  already  presented  on  page  42. 


44 


PURCHASE    AND    SALE    OF    ILLINOIS    COAL. 


Table  10. — Analyses  of  mine  samples  (not  exactly  indicative  of  commercial  output  *) 


Proximate  analysis  of  coal 

1st:    "As    reed,"    with    total 

o 

O 

Z 
Q 

o 

o 

o 

H 
<^ 
rH 

Q 

County 

■a 

o 
O 

moisture. 
2nd:  "Dry"  or  moisture  free. 

3 
a 

3 

cT 

o 

3 

(0 

o 
o 

CO 

3 

1>    s_ 

-C 

3 

O 

2 

u.g 

< 

5229 

5230 

5231 

5338 

5339 

5340 

5363 

5364 

5365 

5359; 

5360  | 

5361 

5371 

5372 


21  |  7/12 


7/12 
7/12 
19  8/12 
19  8/12 
19  8/12 
19  8/12 
19  8/12 
19    8/12 


8/12 
8/12 
18  '  8 /12 
17  8/12 
17  !  8/12 


Christian 
Christian 
Christian 
Mercer  . . 
Mercer  . . 
Mercer  .. 
Mercer  . . 
Mercer  . . 
Mercer  .. 
Mercer  .. 
Mercer  .. 
Mercer  . . 
Mercer  . . 
Mercer  . . 


5324 

10 

8/12 

Bureau 

5325 

10 

8/12 

Bureau 

5326 

10 

8/12 

Bureau 

5312 

10 

8/12 

Bureau 

5313 

1(1 

8/12 

Bureau 

5314 

10 

8/12 

Bureau 

5348 

8 

8/12 

Bureau 

Coal    No.   1. 


1 

11.27 
Dry 

38.68 
43 .  59 

40.55 
45.70 

9.50 
10.71 

2.07 
2.33 

.33 

.37 

11445  , 

12898  ' 

1 

11.52 
Dry 

38.78 
43.83 

41.01 
46.35 

8.69 

9.82 

2.42 

2.73 

.97 
1.10 

11648 
13163 

1 

11.13 

Dry 

39.21 
44.12 

41.26 
46.43 

8.40 
9.45 

2.56 

2.88 

.01 
.69 

11715 
13183 

1 

13.23 

Dry 

40.29 
46.43 

37.20 

42.88 

9.28 
10.69 

4.37 
5.04 

.41 
.47 

11104 
12797 

1 

15.24 

Dry 

37.66 
44.44 

35.73 
42.15 

11.37 
13.41 

4.80 
5.66 

1.47 
1.73 

10353 
12214 

1 

15.15 

Dry 

39.06 
44.44 

38.48 
42.15 

7.31 
14.41 

3.30 
5.66 

.17 
1.73 

11252 
12214 

1 

14.97 

Dry 

38.27 
46.03 

37.07 
45.36 

9.69 
8.61 

3.75 
3.89 

.33 
.19 

9637 
13260 

1 

14.46 
Dry 

40.42 
44.99 

35.33 
43.61 

9.79 
11.40 

4.23 
4.95 

.69 
.43 

10780  1 
12749  | 

1 

14.07 

Dry 

39.95 
47.24 

34.01 
41.32 

11.97 
11.44 

4.55 
4.94 

.78 
.59 

10525 
12603  1 

1 

14.58 
Dry 

39.49 
46.49 

36.82 
39.59 

9.11 
13.92 

5.60 
5.29 

.15 
.91 

10894  ! 
12247  : 

1 

15.07 

Dry 

38.14 
46.23 

37.44 
43.09 

9.35 
10.68 

4.85 
6.56 

.34 

.18 

10790 
12754 

1 

14.10 

Dry 

39.60 
44.91 

36.73 
44.01 

9.57 
11.02 

3.92 
5.71 

.23 

.38 

10956 
12705 

1 

17.75 

Dry 

39.50 

48.03 

34.61 

42.08 

8.14 
9.89 

5.53 
6.72 

.86 
1.05 

10435  : 

12687 

1 

17.50 

Dry 

38.78 
47.00 

33.66 

40.  SO 

10.06 
12.20 

4.51 

5.46 

.29 
.35 

10238 
12409 

Coal    No.   2. 


16.65 

Dry 

15.08 
Dry 

16.83 
Dry 

14.88 
Dry 

17.43 
Dry 

16.07 
Dry 

15.19 
Drv 


36.66 
43.99 


40.12 
47.25 


36.54 
43.93 


38.69 
45.45 


3S.07 
46.10 


39 .  68 
47.28 


39 .  67 

46.78 


38.58 
46.29 

8.11 
9.72 

3.40 
4.07 

.67 

.80 

10740 

12884 

36.35 

42.80 

8.45 
9.95 

3.68 
4.33 

.91 
1.07 

10831 
12754 

39.19 
47.12 

7.44 
8.95 

2.64 
3.17 

.89 
1.07 

10788 
12970 

37.25 
43.76 

9.08 
10.79 

3.83 
4.50 

1.07 
1.25 

10685 
12553 

39.44 
47.76 

5.06 
6.14 

2.68 
3.25 

.52 
.63 

11070 
13407 

38.36 
45.71 

5.89 
7.01 

2.96 
3.53 

.57 
.63 

11216 
13363 

38.69 
45.60 

6.45 
7.62 

2.20 
2.62 

.99 
1.17 

11206 
13213 

14666 
14707 
14779 
3.4641 
14478 
1.4478 
14760 

iiiii 

34551 
3.4604 
3.4642 
14618 
14373 
3.4372 

14533 
14431 


14463 

14357 
14462 
34571 
14480 


Rep 


Bulletin  3,  Illinois  Coal  Mining  Investigations,  Cooperative  Agreement. 


COMMERCIAL    VALUATION. 


45 


Table  10. — Analyses  of  mine  samples  (not  exactly  indicative  of  commercial  output) 

— Continued. 


County 


Proximate  analysis  of  coal 
1st:    "As    reed,"    with    total 

moisture. 
2nd:  "Dry"  or  moisture  free. 


«2E 


21 
21 
21 
6 
6 
6 
5 
5 
5 
7 
7 
7 
14 
14 
14 
13 
13 
13 
12 
12 
12 


8/12 
8/12 
7/12 
7/12 


Bureau    . 
Bureau    . 

Christian 
Christian 
7/12  .  Christian 
8  /12  j  Grundy  . 
8  /12  '  Grundy    . 


8/12 

8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
7/12 
7/12 
7/12 


Grundy 
Grundy 
Grundy 
Grundy 
Grundy 
Grundy 
Grundy 
Jackson 
Jackson 
Jackson 


7/12  !  Jackson 


7/12 

7/12 
7/12 
7/12 
7/12 


Jackson 
Jackson 
Jackson 
Jackson 
Jackson 


17.34 
Dry 

16.97 

Dry 

12.07 
Dry 

12.53 

Dry 

14.30 j 
Dry 

19.97 

Dry 

18.95 
Dry 

19 .  GO 
Dry 

17.29 
Dry 

13.73 

Dry 

17.01 

Dry 

16.84 
Dry 

15.81 

Dry 

16.23 
Dry 

7.72 
Dry 

8.77 
Dry 

9. IS 
Dry 

9.SS 
Dry 

10.91 
Dry 

9.76 

Dry 

9.51 
Dry 

9.37 
Dry 

9.99 
Dry 


37.12 
44.90 

38.66 
46.56 

39.36 
44.77 

38.00, 
44.12  j 

39.54 
46.14 

38.16 
47.68 

37.60 
46.39 

37.01  | 
46.06! 

38.61  j 
46.68  ! 

39.87  I 
46.22 


39.28 
47.52 


34.83 
41.95 


41.91 
47.66 


40.62 
46.44 


40.30 
47.02 


37.45 
46.79 


38.23 
47.16 


38.16 
47.50 


36.69 
44.36 


42.19 
48.90 


39.48 
47.57 

36.74 
44.27 

38.37 
46.13 

41.19 
49.53 

39.28 
45.48 

39.77 
47.24 

38.71 

46.22 

40.61 

48.47 

35.09 

38.02 

48.56 
52.62 

32.78 
35.93 

50.58 
55.44 

34.70 

38.20 

51.58 

56.80 

33.23 

36.87 

52.43 

58.18 

33.51 
37.61 

51.20 
57.47 

33.45 
37.06 

52.07 
57.71 

33.13 
36.62 

52.12 
57.59 

33.39 
36.48 

49.29 
54.38 

32.51 
36.12 

51.88 
57.63 

6.26 

7.58 


9.54 
11.49 


6.66 

7.57 


8.25 
9.44 


5.86 
6.84 


4.42 
5.53 


5.22 
6.45 


5.17 
6.44 


7.41 

8.96 


4.21 

4.88 


6.77 
8.16 


3.60 
4.34 


6.13 

7.28 


4.45 
5.31 


8.63 
9.36 


7.87 
8.63 


4.54 
5.00 


4.46 
4.95 


4.38 
4.92 


4.72 
5.23 


5.24 
5.79 


7.95 

8.78 


2.25 
2.71 


3.74 
4.26 


3.67 
4.22 


2.00 
2.33 


1.82 

2.27 


2.46 
3.04 


2.03 
2.53 


2.87 
3.47 


2.04 
2.37 


3.32 
4.00 


1.74 

2.09 


2.30 
2.73 


2.47 
2.94 


2.01 
2.18 


2.00 
2.19 


5.62 
6.25 


1.08 
1.20 


2.11 

2.32 


.49 
.59 

11006 
13314 

2.29 
2.91 

10397 
12522 

.07 
.09 

11776 
13393 

.31 

.35 

11389 
13020 

.24 

.28 

11609 
13544 

.65 
.79 

10936 
13664 

.64 

.79 

10787  i 
13309 

.83 
1.03 

10734 
13360 

1.44 
1.74 

10708 

12947 

1.47 
1.71 

11787 
13662 

1.05 
1.27 


.24 

.28 


.05 


.94 
1.03 


.94 
1.03 


14612 
i4386 
i4730 
i464i 
i4702 
14603 

iiioo 

i4337 
14447 

i4466 

10834  ! 

13055  j  14446 

11508     

13838  !  14583 

11212  ,  

13318    14545 

11461  I  ..... 
136S3    14610 

12248     

13272    14830 

12253  ;  

13430    148S5 

12752     

1404C    14S67 

12709     

14103    14926 

12503  i 

14034  I  14863 

12629  I  . 

13996  '  14874 

12500     

13814    1475S 

11972     

13208    14671 

12308     

13673    146S6 


46 


PURCHASE   AND    SALE    OF    ILLINOIS    COAL. 


Table  10. — Analyses  of  mine  samples  (not  exactly  indicative  of  commercial  output) 

— Continued. 


d 

Z 

CM 

r-t 

Q. 

i-l 

o 

<u 

« 

o 

Q 

County 


Proximate    analysis    of    coal 
1st:    "As    reed,"    with    total 

moisture. 
2nd:  "Dry"  or  moisture  free. 


5496 

16 

8/12 

5497 

16 

8/12 

5498 

16 

8/12 

5286 

15 

8/12 

5287 

15 

8/12 

5288 

15 

8/12 

5388 

2 

8/12 

5389 

2 

8/12 

5390 

2 

8/12 

5357 

4 

5356 

4 

5358 

4 

5412 

11 

8/12 

5413 

" 

8/12 

5414 

n 

8/12 

5232 

22 

7/12 

5233 

22 

7/12 

5234 

22 

7/12 

5426 

100 

8/12 

5427 

100 

8/12 

5428 

100 

8/12 

5429 

100 

8/12 

5430 

too 

8/12 

Jackson   . .  . 

Jackson  . .  . 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Jackson 

LaSalle    

LaSalle    

LaSalle 

Marshall    .  . 

Marshall    .  . 

Marshall    .  . 

Marshall    .  .  . 

Marshall    .  .  . 

Marshall    .  .  . 

McDonough 

McDonough 

McDonough 

McLean 

McLean 

McLean 

McLean 

McLean 


9.25 
Dry 

9.56 

Dry 

9.20 
Dry 

8.32 
Dry 

8.86 
Dry 

8.91 
Dry 

14.22 
Dry 

15.16 

Dry 

14.43 

Dry 

16.46 
Dry 

16.79 
Dry 

17.54 
Dry 

12.92 

Dry 

13.10 
Dry 

13.82 
Dry 

19.35 

Dry 

16.46 
Dry 

16.39 

Dry 

10.13 
Dry 

11.34 

Dry 

10.61 

Dry 

12.31 

Dry 

12.00 
Dry 


■5- 


x  -Q 


34.67 

38.20 


34.52 
38.16 


34.48 

37.97 


35.28 
3S.49 


35.00 
38.40 


34.03 
37.36 


39.49 
46.03 


40.13 
47.32 


40.01 
46.75 


38.48 
46.06 


36.81 
44.23 


37.42 
45.37 


41.69 

47 .  87 


38.73 
44.56 


41.34 

47.97 


31.70 
39.35 


33.94 
40.63 


34.26 

40.97 


45.00 

50.07 


40.05 
45.17 


41.87 
46.84 


42.17 

4a.  09 


42.00 
47.73 


50.53 

55.68 

5.55 
6.12 

1.41 
1.56 

.13 
.14 

12528 
13804 

50.47 
55.83 

5.45 
6.01 

1.32 
1.46 

.27 
.30 

12483 
13781 

50.54 
55.66 

5.78 
6.37 

1.44 
L.59 

.19 
.21 

12481 
13746 

51.10 

55.74 

5.30 
5.77 

1.39 
1.53 

.19 
.21 

12671 
13822 

49.74 

54.57 

6.40 
7.03 

1.69 
1.85 

.07 
.08 

12436 
13645 

53.17 

58.37 

3.89 

4.27 

1.15 
1.26 

.07 

.08 

12844 
14101 

36.94 
43.06 

9.35 
10.91 

4.46 
5.20 

.80 
.93 

10887 
12691 

38.10 

44.88 

6.61 

7.80 

2.99 
3.51 

.64 

.70 

11147 
13138 

35.89 
41.94 

9.67 
11.31 

4.47 

5.23 

1.03 
1.21 

10678 
12476 

38.27 
45.80 

6.79 
8.14 

2.91 
3.48 

.28 
.34 

11162 
13360 

40.34 
48.49 

6.06 

7.28 

2.59 
3.11 

.41 

.49 

11130 
13375 

40.11 

48.63 

4.93 
6.00 

2.19 
2.56 

.42 
.50 

11273 
13669 

37.60 
43.19 

7.78 
8.94 

2.38 
2.73 

.64 
.73 

11597 
13319 

39.64 
45.61 

8.53 
9.83 

8.47 
3.99 

.65 

.75 

11414 
13134 

35.88 
41.64 

8.96 
10.39 

3.28 
3.81 

.50 
.59 

11296 
13106 

40.61 
50.40 

8.34 
10.35 

2.31 

2.87 

.37 
.46 

10392 

12898 

42.46 
50.83 

7.14 
8.54 

1.71 
2.04 

.11 

.14 

11064 
13246 

41.36 
49.47 

7.99 
9.56 

2.04 

2.44 

.33 
.40 

10977 
13130 

35.92 
39.97 

8.95 
9.96 

3.27 
3.59 

.74 

.82 

11710 
13029 

39.18 
44.19 

9.43 
10.64 

3.18 
3.58 

.90 
1.01 

11394 
12851 

35.94 
40.21 

11.58 
12.95 

3.79 
4.24 

.92 
1.03 

11225 
12557 

38.03 
43.37 

7.49 

8.54 

2.69 
3.07 

.94 
1.07 

11636 
13270 

37.96 
43.14 

8.04 
9.13 

2.37 

2.70 

1.23 
1.40 

11634 
13220 

14834 

iisii 

14814 

i479l" 

14830 

14823 

14562 

14458 

14404 
14764 

14620 

14703 

14836 

14832 

14901' 

14605 

14660 

14725 
14723 

14643 
14752 
i4722 
i4759 


COMMERCIAL    VALUATION. 


47 


Table  10. — Analyses  of  mine  samples  (not  exactly  indicative  of  commercial  output) 

— Continued. 


Proximate  analysis  of  coal 

1st:    "As    reed,"    with    total 

_ 

o 

CM 

moisture. 

,_ 

o 

z 

Z 

H 

« 
Q 

X! 

2nd:  "Dry"  or  moisture  free. 

3 

o 
o 

3 

o 

-d 

re 

_] 

a. 
O 
o 
O 

County 

o 
O 

3 

"o 

2 

< 

Q. 
CO 

m 

3 

5433 

100 

8/12 

2 

11.27 

Dry 

42.17  i  39.27  1    7.29 
.47.53  144.25  1    8.22 

2.91 
13.28 

1.12  1  11784 
1.26  '13279 

14684 

31 

8/12 

31 

8/12 

31 

8/12 

31 

8/12 

31 

8/12 

31 

8/12 

29 

8/12 

29 

8/12 

29 

8/12 

2S 

8/12 

28 

8/12 

28 

8/12 

32 

8/12 

32 

8/12 

32 

8/12 

30 

8/12 

30 

8/12 

30 

8/12 

47 

6/12 

47 

6/12 

47 

6/12 

Fulton  , 
Fulton  . 
Fulton  . 
Fulton  . 
Fulton  . 
Fulton  . 
Fulton  . 
Fulton  . 
Fulton  . 
Fulton  . 
Fulton  . 
Fulton  . 
Fulton  . 
Fulton  . 
Fulton  . 
Fulton  . 
Fulton  . 
Fulton  . 
Gallatin 
Gallatin 
Gallatin 


Coal    No.   5. 


5 

15.18 
Dry 

37 .  17 

43.82 

35.17 
41.45 

12.48 
14.73 

3.45 
4.07 

1.70 
2.00 

10201 
12026 

5 

16.94 
Dry 

35.68 
42.95 

37.15 
44.73 

10.23 
12.32 

2.98 
3.59 

1.31 
1.57 

10314 
12418 

5 

18.42 
Dry 

34.98 

42.88 

37.66 
46.15 

8.94 
10.97 

2.33 

2.85 

.86 
1.06 

10270 
12587 

5 

16.82 

Dry 

37.28 
44.81 

33.45 
40.23 

12.45 
14.96 

2.84 
3.42 

1.69 

2.02 

10580 
12038 

5 

16.52 

Dry 

37.17 
44.52 

36.54 

43.78 

9.77 
11.70 

3.91 
4.69 

.81 
.97 

10394 
12451 

5 

17.37 

Dry 

35.71 

43.22 

37.86 

45.  S2 

9.06 
10.96 

2.34 

2.83 

1.14 
1.38 

10420 
12610 

5 

17.13 

Dry 

36.23 
43.72 

34.44 
41.55 

12.20 
14.73 

3.03 
3.66 

1.79 
2.16 

9846 

11882 

5 

16.59 
Dry 

35.98 
43.14 

37.20 
44.61 

10.23 
12.25 

4.07 

4.88 

1.77 
2.12 

10271 
12314 

5 

15.41 

Dry 

35.67 
42.16 

39.04 
46.15 

9.88 
11.69 

3.31 
3.92 

.52 
.61 

10579 
12505 

5 

17.39 

Dry 

37.00 
44.79 

35.69 
43.20 

9.92 
12.01 

2.74 

3.28 

1.14 
1.36 

10273 
12435 

5 

16.33 
Dry 

36.27 
43.34 

36.58 
43.72 

10.82 
12.94 

3.40 
4.06 

1.94 

2.32 

10246 

12247 

5 

16.33 
Dry 

36.75 
43.92 

38.02 
45.44 

8.90 
10.64 

2.59 
3.10 

1.02 
1.22 

10604 
12674 

5 

13.66 

Dry 

38.46 
44.54 

37.06 

42.92 

10.82 
12.54 

3.64 

4.22 

1.26 
1.46 

10689 
12379 

5 

14.53 

Dry 

37.46 
43.83 

38.35 

44.87 

9.66 
11.30 

3.18 
3.72 

1.60 

1.87 

10804 
12641 

5 

15.80 
Dry 

35.84 
42.56 

37.67 
44.74 

10.69 
12.70 

3.00 
3.57 

1.79 
2.12 

10460 
12423 

5 

16.36 
Dry 

33.91 
40.54 

38.19 
45.66 

11.54 
13.80 

2.93 
3.50 

1.27 
1.51 

10186 
12179 

5 

16.33 

Dry 

35.50 
42.42 

37.01 
44.23 

11.16 
13.35 

2.89 
3.45 

1.84 
2.20 

10220 
12213 

5 

15.85 
Dry 

36.12 
42.92 

38.12 
45.30 

9.91 

11.78 

3.36 

4.00 

1.47 
1.75 

10494 
12471 

5 

5 .  37 
Dry 

36.54 

38.62 

45.10 
47.65 

12.99 
13.73 

3.99 
4.22 

1.38 
1.45 

11883 
1255S 

5 

5.57 
Dry 

35.49 
37.59 

48.53 
51.39 

10.41 
11.02 

3.12 
3.31 

.78 
.83 

12338 
13066 

5 

6.21 
Dry 

35.29 
37.61 

46.49 
49.57 

12.02 
12.82 

3.30 
3.52 

.87 
.93 

11938 
12728 

14441 
1.4446 
i437l 
i4479 

i44o9 

14398 
14252 
14354 
14443 
i44i6 
14371 
i4421 
14462 
i4525 
i4520 
i443l' 
14389 
14386 
14900 
14953 
14903 


48 


PURCHASE    AND    SALE    OF    ILLINOIS    COAL. 


Table  10. — Analyses  of  mine  samples  (not  exactly  indicative  of  commercial  output) 

— Continued. 


County 


5492 

.-.' 

5493 

5512 

5521 

5522 

5523 

5530 

5391 

9 

5392 

••9| 

5393 

9 

5263 

33 

5264 

33 

5265 

33 

5200 

42 

5201 

42 

5202 

42 

5244 

41 

5245 

41 

5346 

41 

5190 

34 

5191 

34 

8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12' 
8/12 
8/12 
7/12 
7/12 
7/12 
7/12 
7/12 
7/12 
8/12 
7/12 


Gallatin 
Gallatin 
Gallatin 
Gallatin 
Gallatin 
Gallatin 
Gallatin 
LaSalle 
LaSalle 
LaSalle 

Logan    . 

Logan    . 

Logan    . 

Macon    . 

Macon    . 

Macon   . 

Macon   . 

Macon   . 

Macon    . 

Menard 

Menard 


Proximate  analysis  of  coal 
1st:    '"As    reed,"    with    total 

moisture. 
2nd:  "Dry"  or  moisture  free. 


■2-S 


4.20 
Dry 

4.07 
Dry 

3.68 

Dry 

3.94 

Dry 

7.15 

Dry 

4.73 
Dry 

4.03 
Dry 

15.52 
Dry 

14.13 
Dry 

14.64 
Dry 

14.64 

Dry 

13.98 
Dry 

13.99 
Dry 

13.52 
Dry 

13.62 

Dry 

14.36 
Dry 

14.76 
Dry 

14.54 
Dry 

14.14 
Dry 

16.29 

Dry 

15.44 
Dry 


O 
O 


34.41    52.63 
35.92    54.92 


33.99    52.96 
35.43  :  55.21 


37.82 
39.26 


38.13 

39.70 


34.34 

36.99 


48.18 
50.02 


45.95 

47.82 


53.32 
57.42 


33.91    48.65 
35.59    52.12 


33.71     51.84 
35.13    54.01 


41.56    32.57 
49.18    38.55 


39.42    35.96 
45.90    41.89 


43.01     34.25 
50.38    40.12 


37.87 
44.36 


35.56 
41.66 


36.86  I  37.98 
42.84    44.16 


36.85 

42.85 


38.17 
44.37 


36.72    39.66 
42.46    45.86 


37.72 
43.68 


38.06 

43.88 


35.46 
41.60 


36.33 
42.51 


36.21 

42.18 


36.06 
43 .  80 


30. 3S 
43.03 


40.34 

46.70 


39.35 
45.37 


38.08 
44.67 


38.01 
44.47 


38.07 
44.34 


38.73 
46.26 


39.71 
46.96 


8.76 
9.16 


8.98 
9.36 


10.32 
10.72 


11.98 
12.48 


5.19 
5.59 


11.71 

12.29 


10.41 
10.86 


10.35 

12.27 


10.49 
12.21 


11.93 
13.98 


11.18 
13.00 


10.99 
12.78 


10.10 
11.68 


8.32 
9.62 


9.33 
10.75 


11.70 
13.73 


11.12 
13.01 


11.58 
13.48 


8.32 
9.94 


8.47 
10.01 


2.85 
2.97 


3.61 
3.76 


4.55 
4.73 


3.53 
3.67 


4.78 
5.02 


4.19 

4.37 


4.08 
4.83 


3.22 
3.75 


2.83 
3.32 


3.60 
4.22 


3.14 
3.65 


3.26 
3.79 


4.23 
4.95 


3.39 
3.93 


3.87 
4.46 


3.24 
3.81 


3.47 
4.06 


3.65 
4.36 


3.34 
3.95 


.03 
.03 


.04 
.04 


.27 
.34 


.96 
1.12 


1.10 

1.28 


1.43 
1.67 


1.32 
1.53 


.00 
.00 


.90 
1.06 


79 


1.12 
1.31 


12997 
13566 


12975 
13526 


12818 
13307 


12449 
12958 


13035 
14038 


12429 
13045 


12783 
13319 


10425 
12400 


10636 
12387 


10961 
12841 


10400 
12183 


10549 
12264 


10519 
12230 


10646 
12443 


11046 

12788 


10963 
12638 


10390 
12189 


10465 
12244 


10493 
12210 


10747 
12838 


10841 
12820 


15164 
15186 


1501 


15117 
i4970 
15240 
15256 
i4384 
i4393 
14415 
i4497 
i439l" 
1431.3 
14405 
14403 
14447 
1.4443 
i4385 
i4433 
14528 
i.4505 


7  This  and  six  following  analyses  are  from  country  banks  not  in  the  orignal  list  of  100  mines. 

8  This  and   the  two   following  samples  are   from  the   "Ice   House"   coal   of   Kentucky  reports. 
fc  From   a   mine  wot  in  tike  original  list  of  100. 


COMMERCIAL    VALUATION. 


49 


Table  10.- — Analyses  of  mine  samples  (not  exactly  indicative  of  commercial  output) 

— Continued. 


CM 

z 

r-i 

a 

H 

O 

V 

(0 

O 

a 

County 


34 

7/12 

100 

8/12 

100 

8/12 

100 

8/12 

26 

8/12 

26 

8/12 

26 

8/12 

43 

6/12 

43 

6/12 

43 

6/12 

43 

6/12 

43 

6/12 

43 

6/12 

44 

6/12 

44 

6/12 

44 

6/12 

45 

6/12 

45 

6/12 

45 

6/12 

48 

6/12 

48 

6/12 

48 

6/12 

49 

6/12 

Menard 
McLean 
McLean 
McLean 
Peoria  . 
Peoria  . 
Peoria  . 
Saline  .. 
Saline  .. 
Saline  . . 
Saline  . . 
Saline  .. 
Saline  . . 
Saline  . . 
Saline  . . 
Saline  .. 
Saline  . . 
Saline  . 
Saline  . . 
Saline  .. 
Saline  . . 
Saline  .. 
Saline  . . 


Proximate  analysis  of  coal 
1st:    "As    reed,"    with    total 

moisture. 
2nd:  "Dry"  or  moisture  free. 


<u  o 

*•£ 
tig 


20.27 
Dry 

12.88 
Dry 

13.34 

Dry 

13.73 
Dry 

16.00 
Dry 

14.23 

Dry 

14.76 
Dry 

6.34 
Dry 

6.40 
Dry 

8.85 
Dry 

6.80 
Dry 

6.02 
Dry 

7.39 
Dry 

6.49 
Dry 

6.71 
Dry 

6.90 
Dry 

6.71 

Dry 

7.45 

Dry 

6.94 

Dry 

7.57 
Dry 

7.45 
Dry 

7.99 
Dry 

5.19 
Dry 


34.58 
43.37 

38.84 
44.58 

38.39 
44.30 

36.79 
42.64 

36.06 
42.93 

37.41 
43.62 

35.95 

42.18 

37.72 

40.27 

37.11 

39.65 

32.53 
35.65 

35.06 
37.61 

38.23 
40.68 

35.38 
38.20 

35.85 
38.34 

35.68 
38.24 

34.42 
36.97 

35.59 
38.14 

34.18 
36.94 

34.56 
37.14 

34.36 
37.18 

33.71 
36.42 

33.63 
36.55 

38.37 
40.47 


37.43 
46.94 


35.80 
41.09 


36.72 
42.37 


36.14 
41.89 


37.54 
44.69 


37.36 
43.56 


35.34 
41.46 


48.20 
51.46 


49.59 

52.97 


51.52 
56.57 


50.39 
54.07 


47.53 

50.58 


50.73 

54.78 


50.46 
53.97 


49.64 
53.21 


48.55 
52.16 


49.98 
53.59 


49.88 
53.90 


50.93 
54.72 


48.30 
52.25 


51.27 
55.40 


51.20 
55.65 


45.92 
48.43 


7.72 


12.48 
14.33 


11.55 
13.33 


13.34 
15.47 


10.40 

12.38 


11.00 

12.82 


13.95 
16.36 


7.74 
8.27 


.1)0 


7.10 

7.78 


7.75 
8.32 


8.22 
8.74 


6.50 

7.02 


7.20 
7.69 


7.97 
8.55 


10.13 
10.87 


7.72 
8.27 


8.49 
9.16 


7.57 
8.14 


9.77 
10.57 


7.57 
8.18 


7.18 
7.80 


10.52 
11.10 


3 

a. 

3 

CO 

O 

o 

3.31 
4.16 

.63 

.79 

3.60 
4.14 

1.17 
1.35 

3.59 
4.14 

1.31 
1.51 

3.99 
4.62 

1.19 

1.30 

2.90 
3.46 

1.27 
1.51 

3.53 
3.66 

2.17 

2.53 

3.19 
3.74 

2.00 
2.34 

2.03 
2.16 

.61 
.65 

2.27 
2.43 

.40 
.43 

.92 
1.00 

.66 

.72 

2.30 

2.46 

.03 
.03 

2.67 

2.84 

.45 

.48 

2.15 

2.32 

.01 
.01 

2.82 
3.02 

.01 
.01 

2.69 

2.88 

.00 
.00 

2.16 
2.32 

.03 
.03 

2.38 
2.55 

.14 
.16 

2.78 
3.01 

.01 
.01 

2.30 

2.46 

.16 

.18 

2.42 
2.62 

1.75 
1.89 

2.63 

2.84 

.31 
.35 

2.61 

2.84 

.05 
.05 

4.06 
4.28 

.46 

.49 

9919 
12441 


10601 
1216S 


10743 
12397 


10399 
12054 


10515 

12518 


10573 
12327 


10173 
11935 


12620 
13474 


12678 
13546 


12321 
13502 


12514 

13428 


12538 
13341 


12642 
13650 


12634 
13511 


12482 
13379 


120S8 
129S4 


12092 
13332 


12336 
13329 


12485 
13415 


11950 
12934 


12400 
1339s 


12346 
13419 


12200 
12932 


14402 


14544 
14629 


14639 
14773 
14433 
i.4636 

14869 


14800 


14774 

14853 
14831 
14848 
14841 
14839 
1.4793 
1.4725 
14901 
14792 
14692 
14794 
i4732 
14847 


50 


PURCHASE   AND    SALE   OF   ILLINOIS    COAL. 


Table  10. — Analyses  of  mine  samples  (not  exactly  indicative  of  commercial  output) 

— Continued. 


Q 

z 

d 

Z 

a 
O 
6 
o 

CM 
H 

o\ 

H 

.2 
a 

5015 

49 

6/12 

5016 

49 

6/12 

5019 

46 

6/12 

5020 

46 

6/12 

5021 

46 

6/12 

5022 

40 

6/12 

5023 

46 

6/12 

5024 

46 

6/12 

5118 

36. 

7/12 

5119 

36 

7/12 

5120 

36 

7/12 

5128 

37 

7/12 

5129 

37 

7/12 

5166 

39 

7/12 

5167 

39 

7/12 

5168 

39 

7/12 

5187 

40 

7/12 

5188 

40 

7/12 

5189 

40 

7/12 

5196 

38 

7/12 

5197 

38 

7/12 

5198 

.",8 

7/12 

5199 

38 

7/12 

County 


Proximate  analysis  of  coal 
1st:    "As    reed,"    with    total 

moisture. 
2nd:  "Dry"  or  moisture  free. 


Saline  .  .  . 
Saline  .  .  . 
Saline  .  .  . 
Saline  .  .  . 
Saline  .  .  . 
Saline  .  .  . 
Saline  .  . . 
Saline  .  . . 
Sangamon 
Sangamon 
Sangamon 
Sangamon 
Sangamon 
Sangamon 
Sangamon 
Sangamon 
Sangamon 
Sangamon 
Sangamon 
Sangamon 
Sangamon 
Sangamon 
Sangamon 


5.52 

Dry 


4.90 
Dry 


.OS 


Dry 


7.70 
Dry 


8.25 
Dry 


7.72 
Dry 


.14 


Dry 


7.85 
Dry 


16.05 
Dry 


15.53 
Dry 


14.45 
Dry 


14.08 
Dry 


36.89 
1  39.04 


38.93 
40.94 


,  35.26 
38.35 


35.48 
38.44 


34.98 
38.12 


34.09 
36.94 


34.60 
37.66 


33.72 
36.59 


35.82 
42.66 


36.36 
43.04 


37.46 
43.79 


37.38 
43.51 


45.89 

48.58 


45.90 

48.26 


48.25 
52.50 


48.66 
52.72 


47.73 
52.03 


49.22 
53.34 


48.10 
52.36 


49.30 
53.50 


37.14 
44.25 


38.05 
45.05 


38.27 
44.73 


37.56 
43.7.1 


13.86 
Dry 

37.11 

43.08 

39.05 
45.34 

13.38 

Dry 

37.20 
42.95 

36.40 
42.03 

13.35 
Dry 

36.64 
42.27 

37.12 

42.85 

13.19 
Dry 

38.44 

44.28 

36.47 
42.00 

14.82 
Dry 


16.05 

Dry 


14.31 
Dry 


14.25 
Dry 


14.10 
Dry 


14.44 
Dry 


14.08 
Dry 


37.18 
43.65 


35.58 
42.38 


37.31 
43.54 


37.25 
43.44 


38.74 
45.09 


38.22 
44.67 


38.05 
44 .  28 


38.22 

44.87 


38.04 
45.32 


38.20 

44.58 


37.07 
43.24 


37.66 
43.85 


37.68 
44.04 


35.30 
41.09 


11.70 
12.38 


10.27 
10.80 


8.41 
9.15 


8.16 

8.84 


9.04 

9.85 


8.97 
9.72 


9.16 
9.98 


9.13 
9.91 


10.99 
13.09 


10.06 
11.91 


9.82 
11.48 


10.98 
12.78 


9.98 
11.58 


13.01 
15.02 


12.89 

14.88 


11.90 
13.72 


9.78 
11.48 


10.33 
12.30 


10.18 

11.88 


11.43 
13.32 


9.50 
11.06 


9.66 
11.29 


12.57 
14.63 


.97 
20 


00 

.83 


4.57 


on 


4.18 


.72 
.76 


.55 
.65 


.38 
.49 


.96 
1.10 


1.05 
1.20 


.72 

.84 


.17 

.20 


21       .90 
91    1.05 


50 


.98 
1.15 


.75 


11962 
12662 


12355 
12991 


12192 
13263 


12304 
13331 


11964 
13040 


12050 
13057 


11989 
13051 


11971 
12990 


10330 
12306 


10522 
12457 


10704 
12512 


9471 
12337 


10726 
12451 


10338 
11934 


10348 
11942 


10513 
12110 


10683 
12541 


10413 
12404 


10655 
12434 


10414 

12147 


10790 
12504 


10746 
12549 


10228 
11903 


14809 

i4818 
i4833 
i4684 
i47i<3 
14717 
14676 
i4476 
i4450 
1.4423 
i4492 
1.4365 
i4439 
14423 
14397 
14483 
14476 
14251 
14381 
i44li 
14435 
i4366 


COMMERCIAL    VALUATION. 


51 


Table  10. — Analyses  of  mine  samples  (not  exactly  indicative  of  commercial  output) 

— Continued. 


CM 

z 

H 
0\ 

£2. 

H 

o 

CD 

cd 

o 

Q 

County 


■a 

0) 

Proximate  analysis  of  coal 
1st:    "As    reed,"    with    total 

moisture. 
2nd:  "Dry"  or  moisture  free. 

3 

O 

3 

o 
o 

"5 
o 
O 

3 

y 

'o 

.*■£ 

< 

3 

ri 

c 

5 

14.23 

Dry 

I 

36.65 
42.73 

37.04 
43.18 

12.08 
14.09 

3.39 
3.96 

1.55 
1.81 

10483    

12220    14553 

5 

14.54 
Dry 

37.41 
43.77 

37.32 
43.67 

10.73 
12.56 

3.27 

3.82 

1.18 

1.38 

10705 
12526 

14625 

5 

16.00 
Dry 

36.46 
43.41 

37.28 
44.38 

10.26 
12.21 

3.65 
4.35 

.90 
1.07 

10583 

12598 

14664 

5 

14.71 

Dry 

37.46 
44.06 

38.57 
44.03 

10.26 
11.91 

3.51 

4.07 

1.15 
1.33 

10801 
12516 

14500 

5 

13.88 
Dry 

37.58 
43.64 

40.01 
46.45 

8.53 
9.91 

2.55 
2.96 

.95 
1.10 

11076 

12860 

14499 

5 

1 

15.56 

Dry 

37.60 
44.53 

36.70 
43.46 

10.14 
12.01 

3.23 

3.83 

1.50 

1.78 

10552 
12496 

14488 

Coa 

I    No.    6. 

i    6 

12.60 
Dry 

36.78 
42.07 

40.48 
46.32 

10.14 
11.61 

2.88 
3.29 

.77 
.88 

10827 
12388 

14269 

6 

12.15 
Dry 

37.74 
42.96 

40.52 
46.13 

9.59 
10.91 

3.51 
3.99 

.29 
.33 

10949 
12464 

14256 

6 

12.43 
Dry 

37.23 
41.28 

39.93 
46.84 

10.41 

11.88 

4.19 

4.79 

.38 
.44 

10730 
12253 

i42li 

6 

13.32 
Dry 

37.43 
43.18 

39.02 
45.02 

10.23 
11.80 

4.06 

4.68 

.69 

.80 

10726 
12374 

14336 

6 

12.40 
Dry 

37.94 
43.32 

39.04 
44.56 

10.62 
12.12 

4.24 
4.84 

.58 
.69 

10796 
12323 

14380 

6 

10.57 
Dry 

33.37 
37.30 

43.09 
48.19 

12.97 
14.51 

.83 
.93 

4.38 

4.89 

10714 
11980 

14236 

6 

10.00 
Dry 

32.80 
36.45 

50.92 
56.59 

.6.27 
6.96 

.66 

.73 

.33 
.36 

12001 
13334 

14453 

!  6 

10.15 
Dry 

32.88 
36.59 

50.56 
56.27 

6.41 
7.14 

.59 
.65 

.22 
.25 

12000 
13356 

14494 

6 

10.00 
Dry 

32.08 
35.65 

50.93 

56.60 

6.98 

7.75 

.47 

.52 

.17 
.20 

11935 
13261 

14492 

6 

8.70 
Dry 

34.62 
37.92 

48.92 
53.59 

7.76 
8.49 

.  .62 
.68 

.31 

.34 

11945 

13084 

1.4426 

6 

9.04 
Dry 

34.46 

37.88 

48.73 
53.59 

7.77 
8.53 

.68 
.74 

.23 
.25 

11946 
13133 

14490 

6 

9.05 

Dry 

34.45 

37.88 

48.75 
53.59 

7.75 
8.53 

.91 
1.00 

.37 
.41 

11923 

13108 

14472 

6 

6.96 

Dry 

38.42 
41.29 

44.16 
47.47 

10.46 
11.24 

2.98 
3.21 

.92 
.99 

11848 
12733 

14568 

6 

7.34 
Dry 

38.11  j 
41.13 

44.23 
47.73 

10.32 
11.14 

3.26 
3.51 

1.41 
1.53 

11771 
12703 

14561" 

6 

6.00 
Dry 

38.55 
41.01 

45.46 
48.36 

9.99 
10.63 

3.16 
3.36 

1.20 

1.28 

11998 
12776 

14534 

6 

10.63 
Dry. 

33.23! 
37.18 

48.79 
54.59 

7.35 
8.23 

1.40 
1.19 

.38 
.43 

11800 
13207 

14534 

8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
7/12 
7/12 
8/12 


Sangamon 
Sangamon 
Sangamon 
Tazewell  . 
Tazewell  . 
Tazewell    . 


85 

8/12 

Clinton 

85 

7/12 

Clinton 

85 

7/12 

Clinton 

84 

7/12 

Clinton 

84 

7/12 

Clinton 

53 

4/12 

Franklin 

53 

4/12 

Franklin 

53 

4/12 

Franklin 

53 

4/12 

Franklin 

58 

4/12 

Franklin 

58 

4/12 

Franklin 

58 

4/12 

Franklin 

52 

4/12 

Franklin 

52 

4/12 

Franklin 

52 

4/12 

Franklin 

5! 

6/12 

Franklin 

52 


PURCHASE    AND    SALE    OF    ILLINOIS    COAL. 


Table  10.— Analyses  of  mine  samples  (not  exactly  indicative  of  commercial  output) 

— Continued. 


CM 

z 

C\ 

a 

H 

O 

.2 

as 

o 

Q 

County 


Proximate  analysis  of  coal 
1st:    "As    reed,"    with    total 

moisture. 
2nd:  "Dry"  or  moisture  free. 


u.  (0 


5009 
5011 


5224 
5507 
5508 
5509 

5528- 


51  |  6  /12  |  Franklin 
51  |  6/12  I  Franklin 


5208  |  56  J  7  /12 

5209  ;  56  !  7 /12 

I  i 

5211  56  |  7/12 

5222  50  j  7  /12 

5223  |  50  i  7  /12 


50  |  7 /12 


Franklin 
Franklin 
Franklin 
Franklin 
Franklin 
Franklin 


57  8/12  Franklin 
57  !  8  /12  Franklin 
57  !  8/12  I  Franklin 


.  .10  !  8/12 


4773      55  ;  4/12 


Gallatin 
Jackson 


4780  :  55  !  4  /12  |  Jackson    .  . 

4784  55    4/12    Jackson    . 

I  I. 

5086  66    7  /12  |  Macoupin 

"        I  ! 

5087  66    7  /12  ;  Macoupin 

5088  66    7/12  |  Macoupin 
5097  69  |  7/12    Macoupin 


5098  69 

5099  09    7/12 

5100  67    7/12 


7/12  Macoupin 
Macoupin 
Macoupin 


.83 


Dry 


10.39 
Dry 


6.43 
Dry 


10.15 
Dry 


7.71 
Dry 


Dry 

9.00 

Dry 

9.36 
Dry 

9.83 
Dry 

9.44 
Dry 

9.75 
Dry 

10.82 
Dry 

10.88 
Dry 

7.17 

Dry 

8.82 
Dry 

4.29 
Dry 

13.77 
Dry 

14.73 
Dry 

14.73 
Dry 


33.91 

37.62 


33.13 
36.97 


37.62 
40.20 


35.55 
39.56 


35.75 

38.74 


34.55 

38.24 


35.10 

38.58 


34.86 
38.46 


31.82 

35.28 


32.57 
35.97 


49.14 

54.48 


49.23 
54.93 


44.77 

47.85 


45.82 
51.01 


45.38 
49.17 


47.85 
52.97 


47.35 
53.03 


48.90 
53.96 


49.78 
55.22 


50.09 
55.31 


7.12 

7.90 


7.25 
8.10 


11.18 
11.95 


32.33    48.77 
35.83    54.03 


33.83 
37.94 


31.71 

35.57 


36.36 
39.18 


35.30 

3S.72 


39.09 
45.60 


38.69 
44.86 


38.33 
44.95 


36.26 
42.53 


13.68    38.02 
Dry        44.05 


14.19 
Dry 


15.12 
Dry 


37.92 
44.19 


38.28 
45.09 


42.43 

47.57 


48.90 

54.88 


45.25 

48.74 


44.96 
49.30 


37.21 
43.42 


36.74 
42.62 


37.24 
43.69 


36.11 
42.34 


37.72 
43.70 


37.03 
43.15 


36.55 
43.06 


11.16 
12.09 


7.95 

8.79 


8.55 
9.39 


6.88 
7.58 


8.57 
9.50 


7.90 

8.72 


9.15 
10.14 


12.92 
14.49 


8.51 
9.55 


11.22 

12.08 


10.92 
11.98 


9.41 
10.98 


10.80 
12.52 


9.70 
11.36 


12.90 
15.13 


10.58 
12.25 


10.86 
12.66 


10.05 
11.85 


1.37 
1.53 


2.64 

2.82 


1.41 
1.57 


3.50 
3.79 


1.04 
1.15 


1.08 
1.19 


1.01 
1.12 


.79 


1.39 
1.54 


4.93 

5.53 


.65 
.73 


3.92 
4.22 


3.46 
3.79 


4.13 

4.82 


4.37 
5.07 


4.50 

5.28 


4.62 
5.42 


4.43 
5.12 


4.21 
4.91 


3.85 
4.54 


,18    11942 

.20 


89 


.96 


.34 


.43 
A1 


.50 
.54 


.32 
.37 


.62 
.71 


.21 
.25 


13245 

14522 

11920 
13303 

1.4629 

11834 
12646 

14620 

11691 
13011 

14539 

11644 
12616 

14644 

11916 
13190 

14613 

11973 
13159 

14684 

12122 
13373 

14603 

11702 

12977 

14490 

11914 
13156 

i.4547 

11652 
12911 

14550 

11263 
11609 

15193 

11594 
13009 

14531 

11678 
12581 

14617 

11547 
12663 

14676 

10635 
12408 

14234 

10493 
12169 

14236 

10522 
12339 

14237 

10099 
11843 

1 

14342 

10618 
12300 

1 

14346 

10599 
12351 

14476 

10610 
12501 

14488 

10  From   country   bank   not   included   in   list   of   100  mines. 


COMMERCIAL    VALUATION, 


53 


Table  10. — Analyses  of  mine  samples  (not  exactly  indicative  of  commercial  output) 

— Continued. 


County 


Proxi 

nate  analysis  of  coal 

1st:    "As    reed,"    with    total 

-a 

moisture. 

j_ 

.n 

2nd:  "Dry"  or  moisture  free. 

3 

x: 

o" 

3 

o 
O 

3 

at 

'o 

2 

•1 

Lug 

< 

3 
CO 

o 

m 

5101 

5102 

5112 

5113 

5114 

5067 

5068 

5069 

5070 

5071 

5072  I 

5075 

5076 

5078 

5515 

5517 

5518 

5030 

5033 

5035 

5039 

5041 

5044 


7  /1.2 
7/12 
7/12 
7/12 
7/12 
7/12 
7/12 
7/12 
7/12 
7/1.2 
7/12 
7/12 
7/12 
7/12 
8/12 
8/12 


Macoupin 
Macoupin 
Macoupin 
Macoupin 
Macoupin 
Madison  . 
Madison  . 
Madison  . 
Madison  . 
Madison 
Madison  , 
Madison  . 
Madison  . 
Madison  . 
Madison  , 
Madison 
8/12  I  Madison 
6/12  !  Marion    . 


6/12 
6/12 
6/12 
6/12 
6/12 


Marion 
Marion 
Marion 
Marion 
Marion 


14.90 

Dry 

14.67 
Dry 

12.11 

Dry 

13.27 
Dry 

13.23 
Dry 

13.08 
Dry 

13.53 

Dry 

14.86 

Dry 


37.75  ;  38.43 
44.35    45.16 


8.92 
10.49 


3.67 
4.31 


35.49    38.83    11.01 
41.59    45.50    12.91 

: 


40.32 

45.88 


38.58 
44.48 


39.14 
44.52 


38.15 
43.99 


38.85    38.91 
44.77    44.84 


38.03    37.07 
43.75    42.65 


37.26  140.98      8.23 
43.84  |  45.53    10.63 


8.43 
9.60 


10.00 
11.53 


9.01 
10.39 


11.82 
13.60 


4.15 

4.86 

4.39 
5.00 

4.89 
5.64 

37.32 
43.84 


12.99    37.73    36.89 
Dry       43.36    42.40 


38.76      9.06 
45.53    10.63 


12.39 
14.24 


12.14    41.13    38.00      8.73 
Dry       46.82    43.24      9.94 


12.42 
Dry 

14.65 

Dry 

14.31 
Dry 

15.18 
Dry 

13.88 
Dry 

12.44 

Dry 

12.11 

Dry 

12.45 

Dry 

10.24 
Dry 

10.69 
Dry 

10.06 
Dry 

10.35 

Dry 


39.82 
45.46 


39.08 
45.80 


38.35 
44.75 


38.40 
45.27 


37.60 
43.65 


39.10 
44.65 


39.32 
44.74 


37.22 
42.03 


39.06 
43.51 


38.76 
43.41 


37.96 
42.21 


36.04 
40.20 


4.39 
5.06 

5.22 
6.01  i 

3.81 
4.37 

3.73 
4.37  1 

4.43  ! 

5.09  i 

3.52 
4.00 


10.96    36.54 
Dry       41.04 


37.65 
43.00 

10.11 
11.54 

4.35 
4.96 

38.03 
44.55 

8.24 
9.65 

3.59 
4.20 

38.32 
44.72 

9.02 
10.53 

3.77 
4.40 

38.30 
45.16 

8.12 
9.57 

3.94 
4.64 

37.74 

10.78 

4.21 

37.74 

43.82 

10.78 
12.53 

4.21 

4.89  1 

38.20 
43.64 

10.26 
11.71 

5.23 
6.03 

36.27 
41.26 

12.30 
14.00 

4.92 
5.60 

39.81 
44.96 

11.52 
13.01 

3.62  1 
4.09 

39.79 
44.33 

10.91 
12.16 

4.18 
4.65 

39.01 
43.66 

11.54 
12.93 

3.98 
4.47 

41.09 
45.69 

10.89 
12.10 

3.92 
4.35 

42.81 

47.75 

10.80 
12.05 

4.10 
4.57 

40.68 
45.69 

11.82 
13.27 

4.00 
4.52 

.45  I  10735 
.53    12614 

.22  S  10433 
.26  J  12227 

.38  j  11170 
.43  1  12705 

.27    10790 
.31  j  12442 

.28!  10935 
.32    12601 

.25  I  10543 
.28  I  12129 

.  30    10903 

.23  |  12587 

.20    10717 

.23  ;  12587 

.72  I  10499 
.82  j  12066 

.41  j  11206 

.47  1  12759 

.72    10909 
.80    12456 

.29    10865 
.34    12730 

.31    10739 
.37    12532 

.23  ,  10751 
.27    12673 

.53    10551 
. 61  i  12250 

.64  i  10818 
.73  i  12354 

.47    10615 

.53    12076 

.67  I  10874 
.76  1  12281 


.30 
.34 


.51 

.57 


11180 
12456 


10963 
12275 


11289 
12555 


11227 

12522 


11002 
12364 


14367 
14370 
14335 
i4400 
i4359 
14423 
14363 
i4363 
14440 
14426 
14398 
1.4347 
i  1.4283 
|  14284 
|  14330 
1.4343 

14421* 

j 

i4426 

14499 
14418 
i45S9 
14551 
i4583 


54 


PURCHASE    AND    SALE    OF    ILLINOIS    COAL. 


Table  10. — Analyses  of  mine  samples  (not  exactly  indicative  of  commercial  output) 

— Continued. 


County 


Proximate  analysis  of  coal 
1st:    "As    reed,"    with    total 

moisture. 
2nd:  "Dry"  or  moisture  free. 


*  >- 


5105 

5106 

5107 

5516 

5254 

5255 

5256 

4756 

4759 

4760 

4764 

4766 

4768 

5034 

5037 

5038 

5040 

5042 

504:5 

5048 

5049 

5050 


7G 


77 


7/12  i  Montgomery 
7/12  i  Montgomery 


7/12 
8/12 


Montgomery 
Montgomery 


8  /12  j  Moultrie 


8/12 
8/12 
3/12 
3  /12 
3/12 
3/12 
3/12 
3/12 
6/12 


Moultrie 
Moultrie 
Perry  .  . 
Perry  .  .  , 
Perry  .  . 
Perry  .  .  . 
Perry  .  .  . 
Perry  .  .  . 
Perry    .  . . 


6  /12  j  Perry 
6/12  j  Perry 
6/12  j  Perry 
6/12  I  Perry 
6/12  |  Perry 

7  /12  |  Perry 
7/12  Perry 
7/12     Perry 


14.15 
Dry 


13.83 
Dry 


13.70 
Dry 


14.00 
Dry 


7.07 
Dry 


7.18 
Dry 


6.24 
Dry 


10.32 
Dry 


10.41 

Dry 


10.22 
Dry 


36.96    38.19    10.70 
43.05  144.48  !  12.47 


3.43 
4.00 


36.95  |  39.22 
42.88  145.51 


10.00    3.72 
11.61    4.32 


37.25  I  37.93  j  11.12 
43.17  I  43.94    12.89 


36.88    40.02 
42.88  146.54 


39.02 
41.99 


43.01 

46.28 


38.09  J  41.38 
41.03  ;  44.59 


40.34  42.55 
43.03  I  45 . 38 


9.10 
10.58 


10.90 
11.73 


13.35 
14.38 


4.39 

5.08 


3.84 
4.47 


3.69 
3.97 


5.18 

5.58 


10.87  I  3.18 
11.59    3.39 


34.03    46.19  I    9.46  I  1.07 
37.94    51.51  !  10.55    1.18 


33.43 

37.32 


33.32 
37.11 


45.82    10.34 
51.14    11.54 


47.60 
53.03 


9.! 


1.04 
1.15 


9.98    33.71    44.91    11.40       .84 
Dry     !  37.45    49.88  '<  12.67  !     .93 


9.64    33.49 
Dry      j  37.06 


10.05    33.24 
Dry     |36.94 


10.60 
Dry 


11.20 
Dry 


10.60 
Dry 


11.60 
Dry 


10.82 
Dry 


10.89 
Dry 


9.37 
Dry 


9.34 
Dry 


10.11 
Dry 


37.03 
41.42 


45.60 
50.47 


11.27       .82 
12.47  ;     .90 


45.85    10.86       .93 
50.98  !  12.08  I  1.04 


42.32 
47.35 


37.29    40.57 
42.00    45.69 


35.99  ;  43.05 
40.25    48.16 


37.03 

41.89 


37.83 
42.42 


36.81 
41.29 


36.87 
40.68 


37.97 
41 .  88 


36.44 
40.54 


42.17 
47.71 


41.52 
46.56 


41.23 

46.27 


41.05 
45.29 


41.32 

45.58 


41.45 
40.12 


10.05  13.73 
11.23    4.17 


10.94    3.20 
12.31    3.60 


10.36  14.18 
11.59    4.67 


9.20 
10.40 


9.83 
11.02 


11.07    3.71 
12.44    4.16 


3.84 
4.34 


2.98 
3.34 


1.2.71 
14.02 


11.37 
12.54 


12.00 
13.34 


4.62 

4.83 


3.16 
3.48 


3.59 

3.99 


.91 
1.06 


.91 
1.05 


1.04 
1.20 


.48 

.57 


.46 
.49 


.23 
.25 


10547 

12285 


10728 
12455 


10444 
12102 


10761 
12511 


11912 
12819 


11573 
12468 


12149 
12957 


11395 
12705 


11486 

12822 


11270 
12553 


11205 
12447 


.35    11230 
.39    12428 


.62 

.70 


.34 

.39 


1.42 
1.56 


11257 
12513 


11175 

12500 


10911 

12287 


11012 
12317 


11107 

12570 


11210 

12570 


10S26 
12277 


10936 
12067 


11099 
12243 


10915 
12141 


14329 

i-4382 

14225 

1.4268 

14736 

14973 

1.4937 

14380 

14367 

14383 

14452 

14394 

14424 

14365 

14288 

14228 

14301' 

i4380 

143i9 

14395 

14276 

14321 


This  and   two   following  samples  are  from  a  mine  not  included  in  the  list   of  100. 


COMMERCIAL    VALUATION. 


55 


Table  10. — Analyses  of  mine  samples  (not  exactly  indicative  of  commercial  output) 

— Continued. 


5514 

5519 

5520 

5045 

5046 

5047 

5115 

5116 

5117 

5130 

5131 

5132 

5056  j 

5058 

5059 

5055  I 

5060 

5061 

5077 

5079 

5080 

5108 

5109 


CJ 

z 

a. 

H 

9 

<D 

o 

Q 

County 


'./12  :  Perry 


8  /12  j  Perry     .  .  . 

8  /12  i  Perry     .  .  . 

8  /12  i  Randolph 

83  |  8/12  j  Randolph 

83  I  8/12  i  Randolph 

I 
75  ;  8/12     Sangamon 

75  j  8  /12  i  Sangamon 

75    8/12     Sangamon 

74    7/12  i  Sangamon 

74  j  7  /12  '  Sangamon 

74  ,  7  /12     Sangamon 

79  I  7  /12  !  St.   Clair    . 

79  i  7  /12  :  St.    Clair    . 

79  :  7/12  I  St.    Clair.  . 

i 

78  j  7/12  !  St.  Clair.  . 

78    7/12    St.  Clair.. 

78  j  7/12  ;  St.  Clair.. 

81  !  7/12  |  St.  Clair.  .. 

81  |  7/12  j  St.  Clair.. 

81  7/12  I  St.  Clair.. 

82  7/1,2     St.  Clair.  . 
82  |  7/12  i  St.  Clair.  . 


Proxi 

mate  analysis  of  coal 

1st:  "As  reed,"  with  total 

■o 

moisture. 

,_ 

0) 

jp 

2nd:  "Dry"  or  moisture  free. 

3 
SZ 

as 

o 
O 

3 

—  S 

sz 

3 

"o 

2 

■S  * 

>£ 

U.g 

< 

12  A3 
Dry 


35.55 
40.59 


12.76  i  35.18 
Dry     141.79 


12.17    36.42 
Dry        41.46 


42.86 
48.94 


44.32 
49.34 


42.41 

48.28 


11.38  !  36.94  40.25 

Dry     J41.68  45.41 

10.62    38.10  39.12 

Dry       42.63  43.77 


11.39 
Dry 


36.80    41.04 
41.53    46.32 


14.97  36.90 
Dry       43.39 

14.51  I  37.60 
Dry      :  43.98 

12.98  j  38.23 
Dry       43.94 

15.22  j  38.23 
Dry       45.09 

13.10    38.86 
Dry        44.72 


38.36 
45.12 


39.69 
46.43 


38.92 
44.72 


37.36 
44.07 


37.25 
42.86 


14.43    38.14    37.07 
Dry       44.58    43.32 


10.69    40.16 
Dry        44.97 


12.12 
Dry 

11.12 

Dry 

13.06 
Dry 

11.44 
Dry 

10.75 
Dry 

11.35 

Dry 

10.85 

Dry 

11.50 

Dry 

10.99! 

Dry 

13.42  I 
Dry 


38.61 
43.93 


40.54 
45.61 


38.21 
43.95 


38.73 
43.73 


39.19 
43.91 


39.68 
44.75 


40.75 


37.87 
42.39 


40.61 

46.22 


38.27 
43.06 


37.36 
42.96 


38.11 
43.04 


43.56 


38.59 
43.54 


38.36 


45.71    43.03 


40.68 
45.96 


3S.96 
43.77 


39.23 
45.31 


37.91 

42.84 


58.79 
43.59 


36.92 

42.65 


9.16 
10.47 


7.74 

S.87 


9.00 
10.26 


11.43 
12.91 


12.16 
13.60 


10.77 
12.15 


9.77 
11.49 


8.20 
9.59 


9.87 
11.34 


9.19 
10.84 


10.79 
12.42 


10.36 
12.10 


11.28 
12.64 


S.66 

9.S5 


10.07 
11 .  33 


11.37 
13.09 


11.72 

13.23 


11 .  18 
12.53 


10.38 
11.71 


10.04 
11.26 


9.91 
11.20 


11.26 
12.64 


10.43 
12.04 


4.80 

5.48 


1.66 
1.90 


1.96 
2.23 


4.16 
4.69 


4.45 

4.98 


4.11 
4.63 


3.53 
4.16 


3.44 

4.02 


4.32 
4.96 


4.38 
5.17 


4.77 

5.58 


4.55 
5.10 


3.10 
3.52 


4.18 
4.70 


3.21 
3.70 


4.26 
4.81 


3.41 
3.82 


4.05 
4.57 


4.09 

4.58 


3.96 
4.47 


4.36 
4.90 


4.92 
5.69 


.15 

.17 


.59 
.67 


.58 

.65 


1.17 
1.35 


.07 

.75 


.58 
.65 


.26 
.31 


11063 
12632 

i4422 

11357 

13018 

14458 

11200 
12753 

14414 

10823 
12212 

1.4348 

10849 
12137 

14400 

10895 
12294 

14306 

10598 
12466 

Hhk\ 

10911 
12763 

14373 

10845 
12463 

14368 

10579 

J  2478 

14301 

10592 
12187 

i4268 

10495 
12265 

14292 

11063 
12387 

i4522 

11217 
12764 

14399 

11145 
12540 

144S3 

10741 
12354 

iisis 

10841 
12242 

14447 

11041 
12371 

i4438 

11036 
12449 

14404 

11192 
12554 

i4445 

1090S 
12597 

i44,s2 

11047 
12411 

14544 

10753 

12419 


14474 


56 


PURCHASE   AND    SALE    OF    ILLINOIS    COAL. 


Table  10. — Analyses  of  mine  samples  (not  exactly  indicative  of  commercial  output) 

— Continued. 


County 


Proximate  analysis  of  coal 
1st:    "As    reed,"    with    total 

moisture. 
2nd:  "Dry"  or  moisture  free. 


._  a> 


-o  g 


3 

J= 

O 

O 

w 

4.10 

.57 

4.63 

.63 

3.69 

.78 

4.10 

.86 

4.02 

.87 

4.45 

.96 

3.95 

.68 

4.49 

.78 

5110 

5524 

5525 

5526 

4670 

4671 

4674 

4676 

4678 

4679 

4702 

4703 

4704 

4706 

4707 

4740 

4741 

4742 

4743 

4744 

47  15 

4746 

4998 


S2 
80 
80 

so 
98 

08 

93 

0:i 

33 

93 

92 

92 

92 

95 

95 

91 

91 

91 

91 

9] 

93 

93 


7/12 

7/12 

8/12 

8/12 

2/12 

2/12 

2/12 

2/12 

2/12 

2/12 

3/12 

3/12 

3/12 

3/12 

3/12 

6/12 

6/12 

6/12 

6/12 

6/12 

6/12 

(J/12 


65     6/12 


St.    Clair.... 

St.    Clair .... 

St.    Clair 

St.    Clair 

Vprmilion     . 

Vermilion    . 

Vermilion    . 

Vermilion 

Vermilion    . 

Vermilion    . 

Vermilion    . 

Vermilion    . 

Vermilion    . 

Vermilion 

Vermilion    . 
Vermilion    . 
Vermilion 
Vermilion 
Vermilion    . 
Vermilion    . 
Vermilion    . 
Vermilion 
Williamso' 


11.40    40.96 
Dry       46.23 


10.11 
Dry 


9.83 
Dry 


10.19 
Dry 


39.72 
44.19 


39.84 
44.19 


38.44 
42.79 


13.68    36.28 
Dry        42.03 


15.50    33.32 
Dry       39.43 


15.69    34.52 
Dry        40.95 


14.56 
Dry 

16.06 

Dry 

15.95 

Dry 

15.53 

Dry 

15.70 

Dry 

15.27 
Dry 

11.87 
Dry 

13.14 
Dry 

13.58 

Dry 

13.63 

Dry 

14.50 

;  Dry 

j  14.20 
'  Dry 

13.99 

Dry 

14.79 
Dry 

15.14 
Dry 

9.35 
Dry 


35.04 
41.01 


34.67 
41.32 


34.66 
41.23 


33.60 

39.78 


32.38 

38.81 


33.98 
40.10 


40.37 

45.80 


.81 


44. 


35.20 
40.73 

34.56 
40.01 

35.98 
42.09 

35.79 
41.71 

35.26 
40.99 

34.44 
40.42 

33.70 
39.72 

32.83 
36.21 

36.89 
41.63 


38.87 
43.24 


37.97 
42.11 


40.41 
45.00 


41.37 
47.92 


43.11 
51.03 


42.22 
50.07 


41.82 
48.95 


40.75 
48.53 


42.06 
50.05 


39.46 
46.70 


39.80 
47.72 


40.88 
48.24 


39.52 

44.86 


38.11 

43.87 


39.83 
46.09 


41.19 
47.69 


40.49 
47.35 


42.05 
49.01 


42.68 
49.63 


42.69 
50.10 


40.19 
47.34 


50.07 
55 .  24 


10.75 
12.14 


11.30 
12.57 


12.36 
13.70 


10.96 
12.21 


8.67 
10.05 


8.07 
9.54 


7.57 


8.58 
10.04 

8.52 
10.15 

7.33 

8.72 

11.41 
13.52 

11.36 
13.47 

9.87 
11.66 

8.24 
9.34 

9.94 
11.44 

11.39 
13.18 

10.62 
12.30 

9.03 
10.56 

7.96 

9.28 

8.07 
9.38 

8.08 
9.48 

10.97 
12.94 

7.75 
8.55 


2.78 
3.23 


1.86 
2.20 


1.56 

1.85 


2.03 
2.45 


1.79 
2.14 


1.41 
1.68 


2.32 
2.75 


2.57 
3.04 


2.26 
2.66 


3.07 
3.48 


4.18 

4.82 


3.19 


2.91 
3.36 


2.43 

2.83 


1.83 
2.13 


1.67 
1.94 


1.72 

2.02 


2.50 
2.90 


1.05 
1.16 


.46 

.62 


.74 


.90 
1.07 


1.15 


1.06 
1.26 


.69 

.81 


1.02 


.78 
.90 


.44 
.52 


.98 
1.14 


.98 
1.15 


,63 


11052 
12472 


11051 

12294 


10958 
12152 


11127 

12388 


11101 
12861 


10976 
12989 


11019 

13085 


11006 

12881 


10810 
12879 


11041 
13136 


10404 
12317 


10392 
12328 


10718 
12649 


11416 
12953 


10949 
12604 


10821 
12521 


10954 
12683 


11090 
12971 


11295 
13165 


11271 
13104 


11053 

12971 


10663 

125(55 


.26  1  12017 
,29    13256 


14511 

1436i 

14415 

14418 

14537 

i4558 

14553 

14527 

14537 

14557 

14520 

14535 

14563 

14525 

14549 

14733 

14747 

14740 

14703 

14706 

1451.9 

14712 

14644 


COMMERCIAL    VALUATION. 


57 


Table  10. — Analyses  of  mine  samples  (not  exactly  indicative  of  commercial  output) 

— Continued. 


d 

Z 

d 

Z 

CM 

H 

as 

■a 
a> 
Xi 

Proximate  analysis  of  coal 
1st:    "As    reed,"    with    total 

moisture. 
2nd:  "Dry"  or  moisture  free. 

3 

O 
o 

3 

o 
o 

.d 

-1 

o 

o 
O 

03 

a 

County 

15 

o 
O 

3 
O 

2 

<1>    j_ 

Lug 

< 

a. 

3 

CQ 

5004 

65 

6/12 

6 

9.99 

Dry 

I 

33.79  i  48.56 

7.66 
8.51 

.99 
1.10 

.06 
.06 

11899 
13218 

37.53  ' 

53.96 

14593 

5005 

65 

6/12 

6 

8.58 
Dry 

33.95 
37.14 

48.31 

52.84 

9.16 

10.02 

3.10 

3.39 

.14 
.16 

11845 
12956 

14644 

4996 

60 

6/12 

Williamson     

6 

8.32 
Dry 

34.61 
37.75 

47.56 

51.88 

9.51 
10.37 

2.-25 
2.46' 

.24 
.26 

11978 
13066 

i480l' 

5000 

60 

6/12 

Williamson     

6 

7.53 
Dry 

34.90 
37.74 

47.37 
51.23 

10.20 
11.03 

3.23 
3.49 

.60 
.65 

11799 
12760 

14607 

5006 

60 

6/12 

6 

8.81 
Dry 

32.13 
35.62 

51.85 

56.38 

7.21 
8.00 

1.00  1 
1.11 

.13 
.16 

11962 
13264 

14572 

5121 

6! 

6/12 

6 

9.44 

Dry 

33.63 
37.13 

49.58 
54.75 

7.35 
8.12 

1.28 
1.42 

.19 
.21 

12092 
13354 

14685 

5133 

61 

7/12 

6 

8.99 
Dry 

34.22 
37.62 

49.51 

54.39 

7.28 
7.99 

1.70 

1.87 

.04 

.04 

12149 
13349 

14674 

5134 

61 

7/12 

6 

9.38 
Dry 

33.62 
37.10 

50.01 

55.18 

6.99 

7.72 

1.12 
1.24 

.14 

.10 

12138 
13394 

14654 

5122 

59 

7/12 

6 

9.79 
Dry 

33.28 
36.89 

48.66 
53.94 

8.27 
9.17 

1.32 
1.46 

.44 
.49 

11891 

13181 

14681 

5123 

59 

7/12 

6 

10.67 

Dry 

32.54 
36.42 

47.32 

52.97 

9.47 
10.61 

1.53 
1.71 

.15 
.17 

11619 
13006 

14748 

5124 

59 

7/12 

6 

10.96 
Dry 

33.  f4 
37.24 

45.86 
51.49 

10.04 
11.27 

1.72 
1.93 

.55 
.62 

11383 

12784 

14624 

5125 

62 

7/12 

6 

9.97 
Dry 

32.20 
35.76 

49.62 
55.12 

8.21 
9.12 

1.47 
1.63 

.22 
.25 

11814 
13123 

14610 

5126 

62 

7/12 

6 

8.37 
Dry 

34.19 
37.31 

50.18 

54.77 

7.26 

7.92 

1.03 
1.12 

.18 
.20 

12254 
13374 

14663 

5127 

62 

7/12 

6 

9.00 
Dry 

32.93 
36.20 

49.98 
54.97 

8.03 

8.83 

1.03 
1.13 

.24 

.27 

12010 
13207 

14637 

5170 

64 

7/12 

6 

11.51 
Dry 

30.75 
34.76 

49.74 

56.20 

8.00 
9.04 

.84 
.90 

.32 
.36 

11554 
13057 

14501 

5169 

64 

7/12 

6 

9.13 

Dry 

32.03 

35.25 

51.06 

56.20 

7.77 
8.55 

1.10 
1.21 

.33 
.36 

12044 
13254 

14613 

5172 

64 

7/12 

6 

7.38 
Dry 

35.59 

38.42 

47.56 
51.35 

9.47 
10.23 

.86 
.93 

.51 
.55 

12017 
12974 

14617 

5180 

63 

7/12 

6 

10.38 
Dry 

32.76 
36.56 

48.10 
53.67 

8.76 

9.77 

1.50 
1.67 

.16 

.18 

11735 
13072 

14672 

5181 

63 

7/12 

6 

8.78 
Dry 

34.25 

37.54 

47.56 
52.14 

9.41 

10.32 

2.49 
2.73 

.53 

.58 

11885 
13029 

1475S 

5182 

63 

7/12 

6 

9.26 
Dry 

1 

33.36 
36.76 

48.70 
53.68 

8.68 
9.56 

1.83 
2.01 

.39 
.43 

11955 
13176 

14761 

Coa 

I    No.    7. 

5416 

99 

8/12 

La  Salle    

7 

13.82 
\  Dry 

41.42 

48.06 

35.90 
41.67 

8.86 
10.27 

3.95 

4.58 

.51 
.59 

11174 
12966 

i4744 

5414 

99 

8/12 

La  Salle    

7 

12.87 
Dry 

42.40 

48.67 

37.35 
42.86 

7.88 
8.47 

1  3.86 
!  4.44 

.00 
.00 

11468 
13161 

14635 

58 


PURCHASE    AND    SALE    OF    ILLINOIS    COAL. 


Table  10. — A?ialyses  of  mine  samples  (not  exactly  indicative  of  commercial  output) 

— Concluded. 


CM 

z 

H 

Q. 

H 

o 

<a 

to 

o 

Q 

County 


Proximate  analysis  of  coal 
1st:    "As    reed,"    with    total 

moisture. 
2nd:  "Dry"  or  moisture  free. 


5417 
4711 
4713 
4714 
4716 
4722 
4724 
4727 
4734 
4736 


99  8/12 

94  3/12 

94  3/12 

94  3/12 

94  3/12 

94  3/12 

94  3/12 

97  3/12 

97  3/12 

97  3/12 


La  Salle  . 
Vermilion 
Vermilion 
Vermilion 
Vermilion 
Vermilion 
Vermilion 
Vermilion 
Vermilion 
Vermilion 


7 

13.99 
Dry 

7 

12.20 
Dry 

7 

12.70 
Dry 

7 

12.76 

Dry 

7 

12.67 
Dry 

7 

13.53 
Dry 

7 

13.27 

Dry 

7 

12.92 
Dry 

7 

13.10 
Dry 

7 

13.41 

Dry 

38.81 
45.12 


39.53 
45.03 


39.20 
44.90 


38.84 
44.53 


39.01 
44.67 


37.39 
43.24 


37.25 

42.95 


36.98 
42.46 


38.42 
44.22 


37.33 
43.11 


40.12 
46.65 

7.08 
8.23 

3.23 

3.76 

38.38 
43.70 

9.89 
11.27 

3.76 
4.29 

39.24 
44.95 

8.86 
10.15 

2.79 
3.19 

38.31 
43.91 

10.09 
11.56 

3.91 
4.48 

37.43 

42.86 

10.89 
12.47 

3.54 

4.06 

39.57 
45.76 

9.51 
11.00 

3.20 
3.70 

40.65 

46.87 

8.83 
10.18 

3.27 
3.77 

38.94 
44.73 

11.16 
12.81 

2.90 
3.33 

39.14 
45.03 

9.34 
10.75 

2.26 
2.59 

38.87 
44.89 

10.39 
12.00 

2.54 
2.93 

.52 


.70 


11401 
13255 


11243 
12804 


11399 
13057 


11106 

12788 


11041 
12644 


11045 
12773 


11209 

12925 


10924 
12544 


11281 
12981 


11065 

12778 


14675 
14730 
14776 
i.4773 
1.4734 
i.4622 
14650 
14715 
1.4778 
147S7 


Average  Analyses  by  Mines  and  by  Counties. 

In  Table  11,  the  average  of  all  of  the  values  for  each  mine  is  given 
and  these  values  for  each  county  are  assembled  for  more  convenient 
reference.  Further,  since  as  a  rule,  the  variations  for  "unit"  values 
in  a  county  are  slight,  the  average  for  the  county  is  calculated  from  the 
several  mine  averages.  These  values  are  therefore  accurate  for  the 
various  counties  named,  though,  of  course,  the  range  of  variation  for 
each  mine  would  be  less  than  for  the  county  as  a  whole. 

By  means  of  the  preceding  discussion  of  the  meaning  and  applica- 
tion of  these  values  and  the  analytical  results  as  given  in  Tables  8,  10,  11, 
and  12,  both  the  coal  operator  who  wishes  to  formulate  bids,  and  the. 
contractor  who  wishes  to  meet  safely  present-day  commercial  require- 
ments should  be  able  to  make  practical  application  of  the  data.  Table  12 
especially  furnishes  calculations  for  typical  samples  from  the  entire  area. 


COMMERCIAL    VALUATION 


59 


Table  11. — Average  analytical  and  heat  values  for  separate  mines  and  by  counties 
— grouped  according  to  districts. — Continued. 

DISTRICT   NO.   1.     BUREAU   CO.,   COAL   NO.   2.     LONGWALL   MINING. 


Co-op 
No. 

Moist- 
ure 

Volatile 
matter 

Fixed 
carbon 

Ash 

Sul- 
phur 

CO, 

B.  t.  u. 

"Unit 
coal" 

1 

16  19 
Dry 

37.79 
45.06 

38.06 
45.40 

8.00 
9.54 

3.24 
3.86 

.82 
.98 

10787 
12869 

14476 

8 

16.50 
Dry 

38.48 
46.08 

37.59 
45.02 

7.43 
8.90 

2.40 
2.90 

1.16 
1.39 

10868 
13016 

14493 

10 

16.13 
Dry 

38.82 
46.28 

38.36 
45.74 

6.69 

7.98 

3.15 
3.76 

.70 
.84 

10994 
13108 

14463 

Aver- 
age 

16 .  27 
Dry 

38.35 
45.80 

38.00 
45.39 

7.38 
8.81 

2.93 
3.50 

.89 
1.40 

10883 
12997 

14477 

DISTRICT  NO.  1.     LA  SALLE  CO.,  COAL  NO.  2.     LONGWALL  MINING. 


2 

14.60 
Dry 

39.88 
46.70 

36.97 
43.29 

8.55 
10.01 

3.97 
4.65 

.81 
.95 

" 10904 
12768 

14475 

3 

15.05 
Dry 

39.76 
46.80 

37.00 
43.56 

8.19 
9.64 

3.30 
3.88 

.59 
.69 

10899 
12830 

14454 

9 

17.45 
Dry 

38.98 

47.22 

34.52 
41.82 

9.04 
10.95 

3.18 

3.85 

1.49 
1.81 

10391 

12587 

14403 

Aver- 
age 

15.70 
Dry 

39.54 
46.91 

36.17 
42.89 

8.59 
10.20 

3.48 
4.12 

.96 
1.15 

10731 

12728 

14444 

DISTRICT  NO.  1.  MARSHALL  CO.,  COAL  NO.  2.  LONGWALL  MINING. 


4 

16.93 
Dry 

37.57 

45.22 

39.57 
47.64 

5.93 
7.14 

2.53 
3.05 

.37 
.44 

11188 
13468 

14696 

11 

13.28 
Dry 

40. 5S 
46.80 

37.71 
43.48 

8.43 
9.72 

3.04 
3.51 

.60 
.69 

11435 
13186 

14896 

Aver- 
age 

15.10 
Dry 

39.06 
46.01 

38.68 
45.56 

7.16 
8.43 

2.79 
3.28 

.48 
.56 

11315 
13327 

14796 

DISTRICT   NO.   1.     GRUNDY   CO.,   COAL   NO.   2.     LONGWALL   MINING. 


5 

16.01 
Dry 

39. 3i 
46.83 

38.51 
45.84 

6.16 
7.33 

2.75 
3.28 

1.32 
1.57 

11104 
13221 

14463 

6 

19.53 
Dry 

37.59 
46.71 

37.94 
47.15 

4.94 
6.14 

2.01 
2.61 

.70 

.87 

10818 
13444 

14447 

7 

16.29 
Dry 

38.46 
45.94 

40.53 

48.42 

4.72 
5.64 

2.17 
2.59 

.48 

.57 

11394 
13613 

14579 

Aver- 
age 

17.28 
Dry 

38.48 
46.49 

39.02 
47.14 

5.27 
6.37 

2.33 
2.82 

.83 
1.00 

11113 
13426 

14496 

60 


PURCHASE    AND    SALE    OF    ILLINOIS    COAL. 


Table  11. — Average  analytical  and,  heat  values  for  separate  mines  and  by  counties 
— Grouped  according  to  districts. — Continued. 

DISTRICT   NO.   2.     JACKSON   CO.,   COAL  NO.   2.     ROOM   AND   PILLAR 

MINING. 


Co-op 
No. 

Moist- 
ure 

Volatile 
Matter 

Fixed 
carbon 

Ash 

Sulphur 

co2 

B.  t.  u. 

"Unit 
coal" 

12 

9.62 
Dry 

33.02 
36.53 

51.09 
56.53 

6.27 
6.94 

1.13 

1.25 

.69 
.76 

12260 
13565 

14705 

13 

10.18 
Dry 

33.40 
37.18 

51.90 
57.79 

4.52 
5.03 

.97 
1.08 

.29 
.32 

12614 
14044 

14888 

14 

8.56 
Dry 

34.18 
37.39 

50.25 
54.95 

7.01 
7.66 

1.54 
1.68 

.09 

.10 

12418 
13581 

14864 

15 

8.70 
Dry 

34.77 
38.08 

51.34 
56.23 

5.19 
5.69 

1.42 
1.55 

.09 
.12 

12651 
13856 

14815 

16 

9.34 
Dry 

34.55 
38.11 

50.52 
55.72 

5.59 
6.17 

1.40 
1.54 

.26 
.29 

12490 
13777 

14820 

Aver- 
age 

9.28 
Dry 

33.98 
37.46 

51.02 
56.24 

5.72 
6.30 

1.29 
1.42 

.29 
.32 

12488 
13765 

14818 

DISTRICT   NO.   3.     MERCER   CO.,   COAL  NO.   1. 

MINING. 


ROOM  AND   PILLAR 


17 

17.63 
Dry 

39.13 

47.51 

34.13 
41.44 

9.11 
11.05 

5.02 
6.09 

.70 

.85 

10336 
12548 

14373 

18 

14.58 
Dry 

39.07 

45.74 

37.00 
43.31 

9.35 
10.95 

4.79 
5.61 

.21 

.25 

10880 
12737 

14640 

19 

14.52 
Dry 

39.26 
45.93 

36.32 
42.49 

9.90 
11.58 

4.24 
4.96 

.68 
.80 

10809 
12645 

14624 

Aver- 
age 

15.58 
Dry 

39 .  17 
46.40 

35.80 
42.41 

9.45 
11.19 

4.69 
5.55 

.53 
.63 

10673 
12643 

14546 

DISTRICT  NO.  3.     CHRISTIAN  CO.,  COAL  NO.  1.     ROOM  AND  PILLAR 

MINING. 


2] 


11.31 
Dry 


38.89 
43.85 


40.94 
46.16 


9.99 


2.35 
2.65 


48 

48 


11602 
13081 


14717 


DISTRICT  NO.  4.       PEORIA  CO.,  COAL 

NO.  5. 

CENTRAL  ILLINOIS. 

25 

14.92 
Dry 

36.92 
43.30 

37.21 
43.74 

11.02 
12.95 

3.44 
4.04 

1.21 
.1.42 

10951 
12448 

'  14614 

26 

in.  oo 

Dry 

36.48 
42.91 

36.75 
43.24 

11.77 
13.85 

3.08 
3.62 

1.80 
2.12 

10421 
12260 

14614 

Aver- 
age 

14.96 
Dry 

36.65 
43.10 

36.99 
43.49 

11.40 
13.40 

3.26 
3.83 

1.50 
1.77 

10506 
12354 

14614 

COMMERCIAL    VALUATION. 


61 


Table  11. — Average  analytical  and  heat  values  -for  separate  mines  and  by  counties 
— Grouped  according  to  districts. — Continued. 

DISTRICT  NO.  4.  TAZEWELL  CO.,   COAL  NO.  5.  CENTRAL   ILLINOIS. 


Co-op 
No. 


27 


Moist- 
ure 


14.38 
Dry 


Volatile 
matter 


37.74 
44.08 


Fixed 
carbon 


Ash 


38.23 
44.65 


9.66 
11.28 


Sul- 
phur 


3.10 
3.62 


C02 


1.20 
1.40 


B.  t.  u. 


"Unit 
coal" 


10809  14496 

12624 


DISTRICT  NO.   4.       LOGAN  CO.,   COAL  NO.   5.       CENTRAL   ILLINOIS. 


33 


14.20 
Dry 


37.19 
43.35 


37.44 
43.40 


11.37 
13.25 


3.34 
3.89 


1.42 
1.66 


10490 

12226 


14400 


DISTRICT   NO.   4.     FULTON   CO.,   COAL   NO.   5.     CENTRAL    ILLINOIS. 


28 

16.68 
Dry 

36.68 
44.02 

36.76 

44.12 

9.88 
11.86 

2.90 
3.48 

1.36 
1.63 

10375 
12452 

14403 

29 

16.38 
Dry 

35.96 
43.01 

36.88 
44.10 

10.78 
12.89 

3.47 
4.15 

1.02 
1.22 

10230 
12234 

14349 

30 

16.18 
Dry 

35.17 
41.96 

37.77 
45.06 

10.88 
12.98 

3.06 
3.6.5 

1.53 
1.82 

10296 

12284 

14402 

31 

16.88 
Dry 

36.32 
43.70 

36.32 
43.70 

10.48 
12.61 

2.98 
3.58 

1.25 
1.50 

10269 
12355 

14424 

32 

14.66 
Dry 

37.24 
43.64 

37.71 
44.18 

10.39 
12.18 

3.28 
3.84 

1.54 
1.81 

10651 

12481 

14502 

Aver- 
age 

16.16 
Dry 

36.27 
43.26 

37.09 
44.24 

10.48 
12.50 

3.14 
3.74 

1.33 
1.59 

10363 
12361 

14416 

DISTRICT   NO.   4.     MENARD   CO.,   COAL  NO.   5.     CENTRAL   ILLINOIS. 


34 


17.3: 

Dry 


35.88 
43.40 


38.62 
46.72 


8.17 
9.88 


3.44 
4.16 


50 
60 


10499 
12700 


14478 


DISTRICT  NO.   4.   SANGAMON  CO.,  COAL  NO.   5.  CENTRAL  ILLINOIS. 


36 

15.34 
Dry 

36.54 
43.16 

37.83 
44.68 

10.29 
12.16 

3.67 
4.33 

.59 
.70 

10519 
12425 

14450 

37 

13.78 
Dry 

37.82 
43.86 

37.69 
43.71 

10.73 
12.  14 

4.11 

4.77 

.47 

.55 

10625 
12323 

14396 

38 

14.26 
Dry 

38.07 
44.40 

37.48 
43.71 

10.19 
11.89 

4.14 
4.83 

.37 
.43 

10649 
12420 

14410 

62 


PURCHASE   AND    SALE    OF    ILLINOIS    COAL. 


Table  11. — Average  analytical  and  heat  values  for  separate  mines  and  by  counties 
— grouped  according  to  districts. — Continued. 

DISTRICT  NO.   4,   SANGAMON  CO.,  COAL  NO.   5,  CENTRAL  ILLINOIS 

— Concluded. 


Co-op 
No. 

Moist- 
ure 

Volatile 
matter 

Fixed 
carbon 

Ash 

Sul- 
phur 

C02 

B.  t.  u. 

"Unit 
coal" 

39 

13.31 
Dry 

37.43 
43.17 

36.66 
42.29 

12.60 
14.54 

4.72 
5.45 

.94 
1.09 

10398 
11995 

14420 

40 

15.06 
Dry 

36.69 
43.19 

38 .  15 
44.92 

10.10 
11.89 

4.08 
4.80 

.59 
.69 

10584 
12460 

14403 

Aver- 
age 

14.35 
Dry  ' 

37.30 
43.55 

37.57 
43.86 

10.78 
12.59 

4.16 
4.86 

.59 
.69 

10555 
12323 

14415 

DISTRICT  NO.   4.       MACON  CO.,   COAL  NO.   5.       CENTRAL   ILLINOIS. 


41 

14.48 
Dry 

36.00 
42.10 

38.05 
44.49 

11.47 
13.41 

3.32 
3.88 

.90 
1.05 

10445 
12214 

14420 

42 

13.83 
Dry 

37.35 
43.34 

39.62 
45.98 

9.20 
10.68 

3.83 
4.45 

.09 
.11 

10877 
12623 

14418 

Aver- 
age 

14.15 
Dry 

36.68 
42.73 

38.83 
45.23 

10.34 
12.04 

3.57 
4.16 

.52 
.60 

10661 
12418 

14419 

DISTRICT  NO.   5.     SALINE   CO.,   COAL  NO.   5.     SOUTHERN   ILLINOIS. 


48 

6.97 
Dry 

35.98 
38.68 

49.69 
53.41 

7.36 
7.92 

2.05 
2.20 

.32 

.34 

12550 
13490 

14829 

44 

6.70 
Dry 

35.31 

37.85 

49.55 
53.11 

8.44 
9.04 

2.56 
2.74 

.02 
.02 

12401 
13291 

14824 

45 

7.03 
Dry 

34.78 
37.41 

50.27 
54.07 

7.92 

8.52 

2.48 
2.67 

.26 

.28 

12420 
13359 

14806 

46 

7.96 
Dry 

34.68 

37.68 

48.54 
52.74 

8.82 
9.58 

2.79 
3.03 

.46 
.50 

12077 
13122 

14741 

48 

7.67 
Dry 

33.90 
36.72 

50.26 
54.43 

8.17 
8.85 

2.56 

2.77 

.70 
.76 

12234 
13250 

14739 

49 

5.20 
Dry 

38.06 
40.15 

45.90 

48.42 

10.84 
11.43 

4.60 
4.85 

.59 
.62 

12193 
12862 

14824 

Aver- 
age 

6.92 
Dry 

35.44 

38.08 

49.06 

52.70 

8.58 
9.22 

3.76 
4.04 

.39 
.42 

12314 
13229 

14794 

COMMERCIAL    VALUATION. 


63 


Table  11. — Average  analytical  and  heat  values  for  separate  mines  and  by  counties 
— grouped  according  to  districts. — Continued. 

DISTRICT  NO.  5  GALLATIN  CO.,  COAL  NO.  5.   SOUTHERN   ILLINOIS. 


Co-op 
No. 

Moisture 

Volatile 
matter 

Fixed 
carbon 

Ash 

Sulphur 

C02 

B.  t.  u. 

"Unit" 
coal 

47 

5.72 
Dry 

35.77 
37.94 

46.71 
49.54 

11.80 
12.52 

3.47 
3.68 

1.01 

1.07 

12053 
12784 

14919 

Extra 

4.13 
Dry 

34.21 
35.68 

52.80 
55.07' 

8.86 
9.25 

3.23 

3.37 

.02 
.03 

12987 
13546 

15175 

Extra 

3.68 
Dry 

37.82 
39.26 

48.18 
50.02 

10.32 
10.72 

4.55 
4.73 

.04 
.05 

12818 
13307 

15078 

Extra 

3.94 
Dry 

38.13 
39.70 

45.95 

47.82 

11.98 
12.48 

3.53 
3.67 

.03 
.04 

12449 
12958 

15117 

Extra 

4.03 
Dry 

33.71 
35.13 

51.84 
54.01 

10.42 
10.86 

4.19 
4.37 

.02 
.02 

12783 
13319 

15256 

Aver- 
age 

4.30 
Dry 

35.93 

37.54 

49.08 
51.29 

10.69 
11.17 

3.79 
3.96 

.24 
.25 

12616 
13183 

15109 

DISTRICT  NO.  6.     FRANKLIN  CO.,  COAL  NO.   6.     EAST  OF  DUQUOIN 

ANTICLINE. 


50 

9.34 
Dry 

34.84 

38.42 

48.03 
52.99 

7.79 
8.59 

1.04 
1.15 

.38 
.42 

12004 
13241 

14633 

51 

10.28 
Dry 

33.42 

37.26 

49.05 
54.66 

7.25 
8.08 

1.18 
1.32 

.10 
.11 

11890 
13252 

14562 

52 

6.77 

38.35 
41.14 

44.62 

47.85 

10.26 
11.00 

3.13 
3.36 

.91 

.98 

11875 
12737 

14554 

53 

10.18 
Dry 

32.78 
36.50 

48.88 
54.41 

8.16 
9.09 

.64 
.71 

.61 

.68 

11661 
12983 

14419 

56 

8.10 
Dry 

36.30 
39.50 

45.34 
49.34 

10.26 
11.16 

2.51 

2.73 

.74 
•      .80 

11826 
12758 

14601 

57 

9.67 
Dry 

35.69 

32.24 

49.55 
54.86 

8.54 
9.45 

.95 
1.05 

.32 
.35 

11756 
13015 

14529 

58 

8.93 
Dry 

34.51 
37.89 

48.80 
53.59 

7.76 
8.52 

.74 
.81 

.36 
.40 

11937 
13108 

14463 

Aver- 
age 

9.04 
Dry 

34.62 
38.06 

47.78 
52.53 

8.56 
9.41 

1.45 
1.59 

.44 

.48 

11837 
13013 

14538 

64 


PURCHASE   AND    SALE   OF    ILLINOIS    COAL. 


Table  11. — Average  analytical  and  heat  values  for  separate  mines  and  by  counties 
— grouped  according  to  districts. — Continued. 

DISTRICT  NO.  6.  WILLIAMSON  CO.,  COAL  NO.  6.  EAST  OP  DUQUOIN 

ANTICLINE. 


Co-op 
No. 

Moist- 
ure 

Volatile 
matter 

Fixed 
carbon 

Ash 

Sul- 
phur 

C02 

B.  t.  u. 

"Unit 
Coal" 

59 

10.47 
Dry 

32.99 
36.85 

47.27 
52.80 

9.27 
10.35 

1.52 
1.70 

.38 
.43 

11630 
12990 

14684 

60 

8.22 
Dry 

34.00 
37.04 

48.79 
53.16 

8.99 
9.80 

2.16 
2.35 

.33 
.36 

11959 
13030 

14660 

61 

9.27 
Dry 

33.83 

37.28 

49.70 

54.78 

7.20 
7.94 

1.37 
1.51 

.13 

.14 

12127 
13366 

14671 

62 

9.13 
Dry 

33.09 
36.42 

49.94 
54.95 

7.84 
8.63 

1.17 
1.29 

.22 
.24 

12028 
13236 

14637 

63 

9.47 
Dry 

33.45 
36.96 

48.13 
53.16 

8.95 
9.88 

1.94 
2.14 

.36 
.40 

11852 
13092 

14730 

64 

9.34 
Dry 

32.77 
36.15 

49.48 

54.58 

8.41 
9.27 

.92 
1.01 

.52 

.57 

11872 
13095 

14577 

65 

9.31 
Dry 

33.52 
36.96 

48.98 
54.01 

8.19 
9.03 

1.70 
1.88 

.13 
.14 

11919 
13143 

14627 

Aver- 
age 

9.31 
Dry 

33.38 
36.81 

48.90 
53.92 

8.41 
9.27 

1.54 
1.70 

.36 

.40 

11913 
13136 

14655 

DISTRICT  NO.  6. 


PERRY  CO.,  COAL  NO.  6. 
ANTICLINE. 


EAST  OF  DUQUOIN 


54 


9.92 
Dry 


32.72 
36.81 


46.97 
52.15 


10.39 
11.53 


.92 
1.02 


.25 

.28 


11335 
12583 


14407 


DISTRICT   NO.    6. 


JACKSON   CO.,   COAL   NO. 
ANTICLINE. 


EAST   OF   DUQUOIN 


55 


8.96 
Dry 


34.44 
37.83 


46.40 

10.20 

2.65 

.40 

11609 

50.97 

11.20 

2.91 

.44 

12751 

14608 


DISTRICT  NO.  7.     MACOUPIN  CO.,  COAL  NO.  6.     WEST  OF  DUQUOIN 

ANTICLINE. 


66 

14.26 
Dry 

38.70 
45.14 

37.07 
43.24 

9.97 
11.62 

4.34 
5.06 

.41 

.48 

10549 
12304 

14236 

67 

14.19 
Dry 

37.48 
43.68 

38.24 
44.57 

9.99 

11.75 

3.92 

4.57 

.33 
.39 

10558 
12447 

14408 

68 

12.87 
Dry 

39.24 
45.04 

38.73 
44.45 

9.16 
10.51 

4.56 
5.23 

.30 
.35 

10964 
12583 

14365 

69 

14.20 
Dry 

37.40 
43.59 

36.95 
43.06 

11.45 
13.35 

4.42 
5.15 

.29 
.34 

10438 
12165 

14388 

COMMERCIAL    VALUATION. 


65 


1  able  11. — Average  analytical  and  heat  values  for  separate  mines  and  by  comities 
— Grouped  according  to  districts.— Continued. 

DISTRICT  NO.  7.     MACOUPIN  CO.,  COAL  NO.  6.     WEST  OF  DUQUOIN 
ANTICLINE— Concluded. 


Co-op 
No. 

Moist- 
ure 

Volatile 
matter 

Fixed 
carbon 

Ash 

Sul- 
phur 

CO, 

B.  t.  u. 

14349 

Aver- 
age 

13.88 
Dry 

38.20 
44.36 

37.75 
43.83 

10.17 
11.81 

4.31 
5.00 

.34 
.39 

10657 
12375 

Coal" 
"Unit 

DISTRICT   NO.   7.     MADISON  CO.,   COAL  NO.    6.     WEST   OF   DUQUOIN 

ANTICLINE. 


70 

12.81 
Dry 

38.67 
44.35 

37.40 
42.91 

11.12 
12.75 

4.80 
5.51 

.44 
.54 

10661 
12227 

14365 

71 

12.52 
Dry 

39.55 
45.21 

37.51 
42.88 

10.42 
11.91 

4.09 
4.68 

.61 

.70 

10871 

12427 

14421 

72 

13.82 
Dry 

37.54 
43.56 

38.94 
45.19 

9.70 

11.25 

4.25 
4.93 

.25 
.29 

10722 
12441 

14391 

73 

14.71 
Dry 

38.61 

45.27 

38.22 
44.81 

8.46 
9.92 

3.76 
4.41 

.28 
.33 

10785 
12645 

14305 

Aver- 
age 

13.47 
Dry 

38.59 
44.60 

38.03 
43.95 

9.91 
11.45 

4.22 
4.88 

.42 
.49 

10760 
12435 

143 '  0 

DISTRICT  NO.  7.     SANGAMON  CO.,  COAL  NO.  6.     WEST  OF  DUQUOIN 

ANTICLINE. 


74 

14.25 
Dry 

38.42 
44.80 

37  92 
43.42 

10.11 
11.79 

4.75 
5.54 

.39 
.46 

10556 
12310 

14287 

75 

14.15 
Dry 

37.58 
43.77 

38.99 
45.42 

9.28 
10.81 

3.76 
4.38 

.45 

.52 

10786 
12564 

14369 

Aver- 
age 

14.20 
Dry 

37.99 

44.28 

38.11* 
44.42 

9.70 
11.30 

4.26 
4.96 

.42 
.49 

10671 
12437 

14329 

DISTRICT  NO.  7.     MONTGOMERY  CO.,  COAL  NO.  6.     WEST  OF  DUQUOIN 

ANTICLINE. 


76 

13.89 
Dry 

37.05 
43.04 

38.44 
44.64 

10.62 
12.32 

3.85 
4.47 

.94 
1.10 

10574 

12280 

14312 

77 

14.40 
Dry 

36.70 

42.88 

39.84 
46.54 

9.06 

10.58 

3.83 
4.47 

.49 

.57 

10709 
12511 

14268 

Aver- 
age 

14.15 
Dry 

36.88 
42.96 

39.14 
45.59 

9.83 
11.45 

3.84 
4.47 

.70 
.83 

10642 
12396 

14290 

66 


PURCHASE   AND    SALE    OF    ILLINOIS    COAL. 


Table  11. — Average  analytical  and  heat  values  for  separate  mines  and  by  counties 
— Grouped  according  to  districts. — Continued. 

DISTRICT  NO.  7.  CLINTON  CO.,  COAL  NO.  6.  WEST  OF  DUQUOIN 

ANTICLINE. 


Co-op 
No. 

Moist- 
ure 

Volatile 
matter 

Fixed 
carbon 

Ash 

Sul- 
phur 

C02 

B.  t.  u. 

"Unit 
Coal" 

84 

12.86 
Dry 

37.26 
42.76 

39.53 
45.36 

10.35 
11.88 

4.26 
4.89 

.58 
.66 

10755 
12342 

14335 

85 

12.39 
Dry 

36.88 
42.10 

40.68 
46.43 

10.05 
11.47 

3.52 
4.02 

.72 
.82 

10836 
12368 

14245 

Aver- 
age 

12.62 
Dry 

37.08 
42.43 

40.10 
45.90 

10.20 
11.67 

3.90 
4.46 

.66 

.75 

10796 
12355 

14290 

DISTRICT  NO.  7. 


ST.  CLAIR  CO.,  COAL  NO.  6. 
ANTICLINE. 


WEST  OF  DUQUOIN 


78 

11.75 

38.71 

38.12 

11.43 

3.63 

.80 

10874 

14466 

Dry 

43.86 

43.19 

12.95 

4.11 

.91 

12322 

79 

11.31 

39.77 

38.92 

10.00 

3.94 

.63 

11143 

14468 

Dry 

44.84 

43.89 

11.27 

4.44 

.71 

12564 

80 

10.04 

39.33 

39.09 

11.54 

3.91 

.78 

11045 

14398 

Dry 

43.72 

43.45 

12.83 

4.35 

.87 

12278 

» 

11.23 

40.36 

38.31 

10.10 

4.03 

.54 

11126 

14444 

Dry 

45.47 

43.17 

11.39 

4.54 

.61 

12533 

81 

82 

11.94 

39.72 

37.53 

10.81 

4.46 

.39 

10949 

14510 

Dry 

45.10 

42.62 

12.27 

5.07 

.45 

12434 

Aver- 

11.25 

39.57 

38.39 

10.79 

3.99 

.63 

11028 

14457 

age 

Dry 

44.59 

43.26 

12.15 

4.50 

.71 

12426 

DISTRICT   NO.    7. 


PERRY   CO.,   COAL   NO.    6. 
ANTICLINE. 


WEST   OF   DUQUOIN 


88 

9.61 
Dry 

37.09 
41.03 

41.27 
45.66 

12.03 
13.30 

3.70 
4.10 

.86 
.95 

10982 
12150 

14331 

89 

12.45 
Dry 

36.14 
41.28 

42.77 
48.85 

8.64 
9.87 

2.80 
3.20 

.27 
.31 

11207 
12801 

14431 

90 

10.95 
Dry 

37.00 
41.55 

41.82 
46.96 

10.23 
11.50 

3.61 
4.05 

.56 
.63 

11060 
12420 

14314 

Aver- 
age 

11.00 
Dry 

36.75 
41.29 

41.97 
47.16 

10.28 
11.55 

3.36 

3.78 

.56 
.63 

11087 
12457 

14359 

COMMERCIAL    VALUATION. 


67 


Table  11. — Average  analytical  and  heat  values  for  separate  mines  and  by  counties 
— Grouped  according  to  districts. — Continued. 


DISTRICT    NO.    7. 


MARION   CO.,    COAL    NO.    6.     WEST    OF    DUQUOIN 
ANTICLINE. 


Co-op 
No. 

Moist- 
ure 

Volatile 
matter 

Fixed 
carbon 

Ash 

Sul- 
phur 

co2 

B.  t.  u. 

"Unit 
Coal" 

86 

11.13 
Dry 

38.20 
42.98 

39.39 
44.32 

11.28 
12.70 

3.91 
4.40 

.50 
.56 

10964 
12337 

14448 

87 

10.46 
Dry 

36.85 
41.15 

41.53 

46.38 

11.1.6 
12.47 

4.01 
4.48 

.42 
.47 

11174 

12480 

14574 

Aver- 
age 

10.79 
Dry 

37.53 
42.07 

40.46 
45.35 

11.22 

12.58 

3.96 
4.44 

.45 
.51 

11069 

12408 

14511 

DISTRICT  NO.  7.     RANDOLPH  CO.,  COAL  NO.  6,  WEST  OF  DUQUOIN 

ANTICLINE. 


83 


11.13 
Dry 


37.28 
41.95 


40.14 
45.17 


11.45 
12.89 


4.24 

4.77 


58 
65 


10855 
12214 


14351 


DISTRICT  NO.  8.  VERMILION  CO.,  COAL  NO.  6.  EASTERN  ILLINOIS. 


91 

14.44 
Dry 

35.04 
40.95 

40.99 
47.91 

9.53 
11.14 

2.37 

2.77 

.66 

.77 

10982 
12836 

14697 

92 

15.59 
Dry 

33.47 
39.65 

40.16 

47.58 

10.78 
12.77 

2.33 
2.76 

.89 
1.06 

10508 
12449 

14536 

93 

15.19 
Dry 

34.95 
41.21 

41.55 
48.99 

8.31 
9.80 

2.04 
2.41 

.65 

.77 

10961 
12925 

14533 

95 

12.59 
Dry 

40.16 
45.94 

38.53 

44.08 

8.72 
9.98 

3.49 
3.99 

80 
.92 

11228 
12845 

14532 

Aver- 
age 

14.45 
Dry 

35.88 
41.94 

40.33 
47.14 

9.34 
10.92 

2.55 

2.98 

.75 
.88 

10920 
12764 

14575 

DISTRICT  NO.  8.  VERMILION  CO.,  COAL  NO.   7.  EASTERN  ILLINOIS. 


94 

12.69 
Dry 

38.78 
44.42 

38.89 
44.54 

9.64 

11.04 

3.34 
3.83 

.52 
.59 

11221 
12852 

14725 

97 

13.18 
Dry 

37.85 
43.59 

38.65 
44.52 

10.32 
11.89 

2.54 
2.92 

.60 
.69 

11080 
12762 

14754 

Aver- 
age 

12.99 
Dry 

38.28 
44.00 

38.75 
44.53 

9.98 
11.47 

2.93 
3.37 

.56 
.64 

11143 

12807 

14740 

68 


PURCHASE   AND    SALE    OF   ILLINOIS    COAL. 


Table  11. — Average  analytical  and  heat  values  for  separate  mines  and  by  counties 
— Grouped  according  to  districts. — Concluded. 

DISTRICT  NO.  9.     LA  SALLE  CO.,  COAL  NO.  7. 


Co-op 
No. 

Moist- 
ure 

Volatile 
matter 

Fixed 
carbon 

Ash 

Sul- 
phur 

C02 

B.  t.  u. 

"Unit 
Coal" 

99 

13.56 
Dry 

40.87 
47.28 

37.80 
43.73 

7.77 
8.99 

3.68 
4.26 

.17 
.20 

11347 
13127 

14685 

DISTRICT  NO.   9.     McLEAN  CO.,  COAL  NO.   5. 


100 


13.32 
Dry 


38.00 
43.84 


36.21 
41.78 


12.47 
14.38 


3.73 
4.30 


1.20 
1.39 


10580 
12206 


14604 


DISTRICT  NO.   9.     McLEAN  CO.,  COAL  NO.   2. 


100 


11.26 
Dry 


42.21 

47.57 


37.73 
42.52 


8.80 
9.91 


3.03 
3.41 


.98 
1.10 


11566 
13034 


14714 


EXTRA  SAMPLE.    LA  SALLE  CO.,  COAL  NO.  5. 


14.76 

41.33 

34.26 

9.65 

3.38 

.61 

10692 

Dry 

48.49 

40.19 

11.32 

3.97 

.71 

12543 

1439' 


EXTRA  SAMPLE.     GALLATIN  CO.,  COAL  NO.   5. 


3.72 
Dry 


34.44 
35.77 


52.91 
54.96 


9.27 


3.76 
3.90 


.03 
.03 


13032 
13535 


15187 


EXTRA  SAMPLE.     GALLATIN  CO.,  COAL  NO.   6. 


Aver- 
age 


10.82 
Dry 

4.28 
Dry 

7.54 
Dry 


33.83 
37.94 

36.06 
37.67 

34.96 
37.81 


42.43 

47.57 

49.06 
51.25 

45.68 
49.41 


1    12.92 
14.94 

10.60 
11.08 

11.82 

12.78 


4.93 
5.53 

3.71 
3.88 

4.34 
4.70 


42 

47 

05 
05 

23 

25 


11263 
12629 

12583 
13146 

11916 

12888 


15193 


15079 


15136 


EXTRA   SAMPLE.     MOULTRIE   CO.,   COAL   NO.    6. 

6.83 
Dry 

39.15 
42.02 

42.32 
45.42 

11.70 
12.56 

4.02 
4.31 

.57 
.61 

11877 
12748 

14882 

EXTRA   SAMPLE.     GALLATIN   CO.,   COAL   MARKED   "BELL. 

» 

3.40 
Dry 


33.33 
34.50 


55.18 
57.12 


8.09 
8.38 


4.25 
4.40 


03 
03 


13401 
13872 


15420 


COMMERCIAL    VALUATION. 


69 


In  Table  12  calculations  have  been  made  to  illustrate  the  use  which 
can  be  made  of  "unit-coal"  values  in  estimating  the  possible  guarantees  for 
bidding  and  for  letting  of  contracts.  A  range  of  values  for  ash  and  moisture 
has  been  assumed  merely  for  the  purpose  of  illustration.  Variations  from 
these  values,  especially  those  in  the  latter  part  of  the  table,  should  be 
allowed  for  or  calculated  directly  from  the  formula  on  page  41. 


Table  12. — Unit-coal  values  ranging  from  14,300  to  15,000  B.  t.  u. 

Calculated  to  the  "as-received"  basis  having  normal  variations  of  moisture,  ash 

and  sulphur,  as  indicated12. 

Unit  coal— 14,300. 


General  location  by 
counties 

Ash 

Sulphur 

B.  t.  u.  calculated 
to  coal  "as  rec'd'' 

with  12% 
moisture 

B.  t.  u.  calculated 
to  coal  "as  rec'd" 

with  14% 

moisture 

Coal  bed  > 
Sangamon  south  of 
Auburn   6 

Perry 6 

Randolph   6 

Clinton   6 

Madison    6 

Montgomery    6 

» 

10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 

4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 

10925 

10771 

10616 

10462 

10308 

10154 

10000 

9846 

9692 

9538 

9384 

10639 

10484 

10330 

10176 

10021 

9867 

9712 

9558 

9403 

9250 

9094 

Macoupin   6 

Unit  coal— 14,400. 


Coal  bed 

Logan   5 

Fulton  5 

Sangamon    5 

Macon   5 

St.  Clair 6 

Randolph   6 

Madison   6 

Macoupin   6 

La  Salle. 5 


10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 


11000 

10844 

10688 

10532 

10376 

10220 

10064 

9908 

9752- 

9596 

9440 


10712 

10556 

10401 

10246 

10091 

9936 

9781 

9626 

9471 

9316 

9161 


12  For  "unit  coal"  and  method  of  calculation  to  coal  "as-receive< 


40-42. 


70 


PURCHASE   AND    SALE   OF    ILLINOIS    COAL. 


Table  12. — Unit-coal  values  ranging  from  14,300  to  15,000  B.  t.  u. — Continued. 
Unit  coal— 14,500. 


General  location  by- 
counties 

Ash 

Sulphur 

B.  t.  u.  calculated 
to  coal  "as  rec'd" 

with  12% 
moisture 

B.  t.  u.  calculated 
to  coal  "as  rec'd" 

with  14% 
moisture 

Coal  bed 

> 

La  Salle 2 

Grundy   2 

Tazewell 5 

Menard 5 

Marion    6 

Franklin,  east  of 
Duquoin    anti- 
cline       6 

10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 

4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 



11075 
10918 
10762 
10605 
10449 
10292 
10136 

9979 

9823 

9666 

9510 

10785 

10628 

10472 

10315 

10159 

10002 

9846 

9689 

9533 

9376 

9220 



Unit  coal— 14,600. 


Coal  bed 

10 

4 

11150 

10858 

Peoria 

5 

11 

4 

10992 

10700 

12 

4 

10835 

10543 

McLean 

5 

13 

4. 

10677 

10385 

14 

4 

10520 

10227 

Vermilion  . . . 

6 

L 

15 

4 

10362 

10070 

16 

4 

10205 

9912 

Williamson   . 

6 

17 

4 

10047 

9754 

18 

4 

9890 

9597 

Jackson 

6 

19 

4 

9732 

9439 

20 

4 

9575 

9281 

Unit  coal— 14,700. 


Coal  bed 

La  Salle 7 

McLean    2 

Vermilion 7 

Christian   2 

Williamson    6 


10 

4 

11 

4 

12 

4 

13 

4 

14 

4 

15 

4 

16 

4 

17 

4 

18 

4 

19 

4 

20 

4 

11225 

11066 

10907 

10748 

10589 

10430 

10271 

10112 

9953 

9794 

9637 


10931 

10772 

10613 

10454 

10295 

10136 

9977 

9818 

9659 

9500 

9341 


COMMERCIAL    VALUATION. 

Table  12. — Unit-coal  values  ranging  from  U/,300  to  15,000  B.  t.  u. 
Unit  coal— 14,800. 


71 


-Concluded. 


General  location  by 
counties 

Ash 

Sulphur 

B.  t.  u.  calculated 
to  coal  "as  rec'd" 

with  8% 

moisture 

B.  t.  u.  calculated 
to  coal  "as  rec'd" 

with  10% 

moisture 

Coal  bed 

Marshall  2 

Jackson 2 

Saline  . 5 

* 

10  3 

11  3 

12  3 

13  3 

14  3 

15  3 

16  3 

17  3 

18  3 

19  3 

20  3 

11973 
11813 
11654 
11494 
11335 
11175 
11016 
10856 
10697 
10537 
10378 

11677 
11517 
11358 
11198 
11036 
10877 
10715 
10555 

10395 
10235 

10075 

Unit  coal— 14,900. 


Coal  bed 

■x 

10 

3.5 

12003 

11705 

11 

3.5 

11842 

11544 

12 

3.5 

11683 

11383 

Moultrie  .  . 

6 

13 

3.5 

11522 

11222 

14 

3.5 

11361 

11060 

Gallatin  .  . . 

5 

, 

15 

3.5 

11200 

10898 

16 

3.5 

11038 

10739 

Saline  

5 

17 

3.5 

10877 

10578 

18 

3.5 

10716 

10417 

19 

3.5 

10555 

10256 

- 

20 

3.5 

10394 

10095 

Unit  coal— 15,000. 


4%  moisture 


moisture 


Coal  bed 

10 

4 

12650 

12350 

11 

4 

12458 

12188 

12 

4 

12326 

12026 

13 

4 

12164 

11864 

Gallatin  .  . 

5,6 

14 

4 

12002 

11702 

f 

15 

4 

11840 

11540 

Saline  .... 

5 

16 

4 

11678 

11378 

17 

4 

11516 

11216 

18 

4 

11354 

11054 

19 

4 

11192 

10892 

j 

20 

4 

11030 

10730 

72  PURCHASE    AND    SALE    OF    ILLINOIS    COAL. 

PURCHASE  AND  SALE  OE  COAL  UNDER  SPECIFICATION. 

Practice  of  State  Board  of  Administration. 

Present-day  tendencies  relating  to  the  basis  for  coal  contracts  are 
reflected  in  the  following  quotations : 

When  a  proper  sample  of  the  coal  is  secured,  the  chemical  analyses  and 
calorimeter  determinations  for  B.  t.  u.  are  a  better  guide  to  the  value  of  the  coal 
than  are  one  or  two  boiler  tests  for  the  same  purpose.13 

The  purchase  of  coal  under  specification  is  as  advantageous  as  a  definite  under- 
standing regarding  the  quality  and  other  features  of  any  other  product,  or  of  a 
building  operation  or  engineering  project.  The  man  who  buys  under  specification 
gets  what  he  pays  for  and  pays  for  what  he  gets.14 

The  heating  value  expressed  in  British  thermal  units  per  pound  is 
the  most  direct  measure  of  the  value  of  coal.  Contracts  made  on  what 
is  termed  the  "heat-unit  basis"  provide  therefore  that  the  amount  of 
money  paid  shall  be  in  direct  proportion  to  the  number  of  heat  units 
delivered.  It  is  evident  also  from  what  has  preceded  that  the  number 
of  heat  units  varies  inversely  with  the  quantity  of  ash  and  moisture.  That 
the  bidder  should  be  thoroughly  familiar  with  these  factors  in  their 
application  to  the  coal  which  he  proposes  to  furnish  has  already  been 
emphasized.  A  thorough  understanding  of  the  methods  of  awarding 
contracts  is  also  essential  to  the  dealer  who  proposes  to  enter  bids  on  a 
competitive  basis. 

The  conditions  under  which  bids  are  received,  awards  made,  samples 
collected,  and  settlements  reached,  substantially  as  prepared  for  use  of 
the  Illinois  State  Board  of  Administration  in  the  purchase  of  coal  for 
the  seventeen  charitable  institution  of  the   State  are  given  on  page   78. 

Use  of  a  Double  Standard  of  Reference. 

The  cost  of  a  given  lot  of  coal  must  be  based  upon  the  weight  of 
the  material.  The  sample  taken  should  represent  the  coal  "as  delivered," 
and,  as  already  emphasized,  moisture  changes  in  the  sample  are  to  be 
carefully  guarded  against.  Variations  in  quality  are  taken  into  account 
by  varying  the  price  per  ton  directly  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  heat 
units  delivered.  In  the  award  of  contracts  and  in  computations  for  pay- 
ment, therefore,  the  calculations  are  based  upon  the  heat  units  per  pound 
in    the  coal   "as   delivered." 

Concerning  the  ash,  if  there  were  no  other  effect  produced  by  ash 
variations  than  a  corresponding  variation  in  the  heat  units  then  no  fur- 
ther account  would  be  taken  of  that  constituent  since  it  would  be  taken 
care  of  in  the  calculations  involving  the  heat  units.       However,  on  ac- 


18  The  Purchase  of  Coal:  The  Arthur  D.  Little  Inc.  Laboratory  of  Engineering  Chemistry, 
pages    10  and    11,    L909. 

"  Pope,  O.  S.,  Purchase  of  coal  by  the  government  under  specifications:  V.  S.  Geol.  Survey 
Hull.  428,  page  1<>,  1910. 


COMMERCIAL    VALUATION.  73 

count  of  the  expense  in  handling,  and  because  of  a  lowering-  of  efficiency 
resulting  from  excessive  ash,  an  additional  modification  in  price  is  made 
for  this  constituent.  For  greater  convenience  where  comparisons  are 
involved  and  to  eliminate  the  moisture  variable,  it  is  found  preferable 
to  refer  the  ash  values  to  the  "dry-coal"  basis.  This  involves  the  use 
of  a.  double  standard  of  reference ;  the  heat  units  are  referred  to  the  "wet" 
or  "as-received"  basis  and  the  ash  is  referred  to  the  "dry"  or  "moisture- 
free"  basis. 

The  methods  of  applying  the  various  conditions  involved,  in  the  pur- 
chase of  coal  by  the  Illinois  State  Board  of  Administration  are  given  as 
follows. 


Bids  and  Awards. 

(1).  Bidders  are  required  to  specify  their  coal  offered  in  terms  of 
British  thermal  units  "as-received,"  but  ash  is  specified  on  the  "dry-coal" 
basis.  These  values  become  the  standards  for  the  coal  of  the  successful 
bidder. 

(2).  In  order  to  compare  bids,  all  proposals  are  adjusted  to  a  com- 
mon basis.  The  method  used  is  to  merge  all  three  variables — ash, 
calorific  value,  and  price  bid  per  ton — into  one  figure.  This  figure  will 
be  the  cost  in  cents  of  1,000,000  British  thermal  units  and  is  derived  as 
follows. 


(a).  All  bids  are  adjusted  to  the  same  ash  percentage  by  selecting 
as  the  standard  for  comparison  the  proposal  that  offers  coal  containing 
the  highest  percentage  of  ash.  Each  1  per  cent  of  ash  content  below 
that  of  this  standard  will  be  assumed  to  have  a  positive  value  of  2  cents 
per  ton,  and  accordingly  the  price  will  be  decreased  *2  cents,  which  is  the 
amount  of  premium  allowed  under  the  contract  for  1  per  cent  less  ash 
than  the  standard  established  in  the  contract.  Fractions  of  a  per  cent 
will  be  given  proportional  values.  The  adjusted  bids  will  be  figured  to 
the  nearest  tenth  of  a  cent. 

(b).  On  the  basis  of  the  adjusted  price,  allowance  will  then  be  made 
for  the  varying  heat  values  by  computing  the  cost  of  1,000,000  British 
thermal  units  for  each  coal  offered.  This  determination  will  be  made 
by  multiplying  the  guaranteed  British  thermal  units  per  pound  by  2,000 
and  dividing  the  product  by  1,000,000.  This  factor  gives  the  guaranteed 
number  of  million  units  per  ton  of  delivered  coal.  Dividing  the  ad- 
justed price  as  found  under  (a)  by  this  factor  gives  the  cost  per  million 
heat  units. 

A  convenient  form  for  tabulating  bids  to  indicate  the  various  factors 
entering  into  the  final  computation   of  cost   is  shown   below. 


74 


PURCHASE    AND    SALE    OF    ILLINOIS    COAL. 

Table  13. — Convenient  form  for  tabulating  bids. 


Coal   offered 

Guarantees 

Price  per  ton  2000  lbs. 

Computed 

No. 

Ash  in 
"dry 
coal" 
(per- 
cent) 

B.  t.  u. 
"as  re- 
ceived" 

As 
bid 

As  adjust- 
ed for  ash 

11  (a) 

cost  in  cents 

per  1,000,000 

B.  t.  u. 

11  (b) 

A 
B 

Vermilion    Co. 
Screenings 

Sangamon  Co. 
Screenings 

17 
16 
14 

10300 
10400 
12500 

1.50 
1.35 
2.00 

1.50 
1.33 
1.94 

7.3 
6.4 

C 

Williamson  Co. 
Screenings 

7.8 

Price  and  Payment. 

Payment  for  coal  specified  in  the  proposal  will  be  made  upon  the 
basis  of  the  price  therein  named,  which  has  been  corrected  for  variations 
in  heating  value  and  ash  from  the  standards  specified  in  the  contract, 
as  follows : 

(a).  Considering  the  guaranteed  heat  units  on  the  "as-received" 
basis,  the  correction  in  price  will  be  a  proportional  one  and  is  determined 
bv  the  following  formula : 

B.  t.  u.,  delivered  .  . 

= — r  X  bid  price  =  price  corrected  tor  B.  t.  u. 

B.  t.  u.,  guaranteed 

The  correction  is  figured  to  the  nearest  tenth  of  a  cent. 

(b).  For  all  coal  that  by  analysis  contains  less  ash  on  a  dry-coal 
basis  than  the  percentage  guaranteed,  a  premium  of  2  cents  per  ton  for 
each  whole  per  cent  less  will  be  paid.  An  increase  in  the  ash  content 
of  2  per  cent  above  the  standard  established  by  the  contractor  is  toler- 
ated without  exacting  a  penalty.  When  this  excess  is  greater  than  2 
per  cent,  deductions  are  made  in  accordance  with  the  following  table : 


COMMERCIAL    VALUATION. 

Table  14. — Showing  deductions   for  excess  ash15. 


Cents  per 

ton  to  be  deducted 

Ash  as 

No 
deduc- 

estab- 

1 

Maxi- 

lished 

tion  for 

2 

4 

7 

12 

18        ;     25 

35 

mum 

in  pro- 

limits 
below 

limits 

posal 

for  ash 

Percentage  of  ash   in   "dry   coal" 

Per  cent 

5   

7 

7-  8 

8-  9 

9-10 

10-11 

11-12 

12-13 

13-14 

12 

6   

S 

8-  9 

9-10 

10-11 

11-12 

12-13 

13-14 

14-15 

13 

7    

9 
10 

9-10 
10-11 

10-11 
11-12 

11-12 
12-13 

12-13 
13-14 

13-14 

14-15 

15-16 
16-17 

14 

8    

14-15 

15-16 

14 

9    

11 

11-12 

12-13 

13-14 

14-15 

15-16        16-17 

17-18 

15 

10    ...... 

12 
13 

12-13 
13-14 

13-14 
14-15 

14-15 
15-16 

15-16 

16-17        17-18 

16 

11    

16-17 

17-18 

18-19 

16 

12    

14 

14-15 

15-16 

16-17 

17-18 

18-19 

19-20 

17 

13    

15 

15-16 

16-17 

17-18 

18-19 

19-20 

20-21 

18 

14    

16 
17 

16-17 

'17-18 

17-18 
18-19 

18-19 

19-20 
20-21 

20-21 
21-22 

21-22 

19 

15   

19-20 

19 

16    

18 

18-19 

19-20 

20-21 

21-22 

22-23 

20 

17    

19 

19-20 

20-21 

21-22 

22-23 

21 

18    

20 

20-21 

21-22 

22-23 

22 

As  an  example  of  the  method  of  determining  the  deduction  in  cents 
per  ton  for  coal  containing  ash  exceeding  the  standard  by  more  than  2 
per  cent,  suppose  coal  delivered  on  a  contract  guaranteeing  10  per  cent 
ash  on  the  "dry-coal"  basis  shows  by  analysis  between  14.01  and  15  per 
cent  (both  inclusive),  or,  for  instance,  14.55  per  cent,  the  deduction  ac- 
cording to  the  table  is  7  cents  per  ton  (reading  to  the  right  on  line 
beginning  with  10  per  cent  on  the  extreme  left,  which  in  this  case  is  the 
standard,  to  the  column  containing  "14.01-15,"  the  deduction  at  the  top 
of  this  column  is  seen  to  be  7  cents.) 

Note — If  the  ash  standard  is  an  uneven  percentage,  the  table  will 
be  revised  in  order  to  determine  deductions  on  account  of  excessive  ash. 
For  example,  if  the  ash  standard  is  6.53  per  cent,  each  percentage  value 
beginning  with  6  in  the  left-hand  column  and  all  figures  in  the  line  read- 
ing to  the  right  of  G  will  be  increased  by  0.53.  There  would  be  no 
deduction  then  in  price  of  ash  in  delivered  coal  up  to  and  including  8.53 
per  cent,  whereas  for  coal  having  an  ash  content,  for  instance,  between 
11.54  and  12.53  per  cent  the  deduction  would  be  12  cents  per  ton. 

Specific  Directions  for  Sampling. 

Since  payment  for  coal  is  based  upon  the  quality  of  the  coal  delivered 
as   shown   by   analysis   of  representative  samples,   it   is   imperative   that 


15  Bulletin  378,  United  States  Geological  Survey,  Results  of  Purchasing  Coal  under  Government 
Specifications. 


76  PURCHASE   AND    SALE    OF    ILLINOIS    COAL. 

samples  representing  every  invoice  of  coal  be  taken  and  that  the  proper 
officials  of  the  various  institutions  see  that  such  samples  are  obtained. 

If  desired  by  the  coal  contractor,  permission  will  be  given  to  him  or 
his  representative  to  be  present  and  witness  the  collection  and  prepara- 
tion of  the  sample. 


TAKING  THE   SAMPLE. 

The  sample  should  be  taken  from  the  car  during  the  process  of  un- 
loading. An  occasional  half  shovelful  should  be  thrown  into  some 
receptacle  such  as  a  clean  barrel  or  garbage  can  with  cover  so  that  by  the 
time  the  car  is  unloaded,  approximately  200  pounds  evenly  distributed 
throughout  the  load  will  have  been  taken.  This  will  mean  about  one- 
half  shovelful  for  every  ten  full  scoops.  They  are  best  taken  in  the 
process  of  shoveling  from  the  bottom  of  the  car,  since  the  top  coal  rolls 
down  and  mixes  fairly  evenly  with  the  bottom.  It  should  be  kept  in 
mind  that  in  taking  a  sample  there  must  be  obtained  the  different  sizes  of 
coal,  fine  and  coarse  in  their  proper  proportions  from  the  entire  cross 
section  of  the  mass,  and  also  an  even  distribution  of  the  same  length- 
wise of  the  car.  Especial  care  must  be  taken  to  guard  against  loss  of 
moisture  in  the  process  of  collecting  and  in  reducing. the  gross  sample. 


REDUCING  TPIE  SAMPLE. 

In  the  case  of  "run-of-mine"  coal  the  largest  pieces  must  be  broken 
down.  For  this  purpose  empty  the  same  upon  a  clean  platform  or  con- 
crete floor  about  10  feet  square,  spread  out  in  as  thin  a  layer  as  possible, 
and  crush  with  the  tamper  until  all  lumps  are  reduced  so  that  none  will 
exceed  1  inch  in  any  diameter.  Pieces  of  bone  coal,  pyrites,  and  other 
impurities  should  be  crushed  to  at  least  ^4-inch  size.  Retain  all  of  the 
sample  on  the  platform,  and  shovel  over  three  times  in  order  to 
thoroughly  mix  the  fine  and  coarse  particles.  Spread  the  coal  again 
over  the  platform,  and  then  pile  into  as  sharp  a  cone  as  possible  by  throw- 
ing from  the  outer  margin  into  the  center.  Noav  press  out  the  cone  with 
the  shovel  or  a  broom  held  firmly  on  top  of  the  pile  while  moving  around 
the  same,  till  the  mass  is  flattened  into  a  circular  shape  about  4  inches 
deep.  With  a  board  or  straight  edge  divide  the  mass  into  four  equal 
sectors.       Reject  two  diagonally  opposite  quarters. 

In  the  case  of  screenings  or  slack  no  tamping  to  break  down  lumps  is 
necessary;  mix,  cone  and  quarter  as  just  described,  throw  one  of  the 
quarters  into  a  box  for  determining  the  duff,  as  directed  below. 
Thoroughly  mix  the  sample  again  as  at  first  and  repeat  the  quartering 
and  mixing  until  a  sample  of  approximately  50  pounds  lias  been  obtained. 


COMMERCIAL    VALUATION.  77 

DETERMINATION  OF  PERCENTAGE  OF  DUFF  OR  DUST. 

Ordinarily  the  percentage  of  fine  material  in  screenings  or  slack  is 
required ;  hence  the  determination  must  be  made  upon  some  part  of  the 
original  sample  which  has  not  been  crushed  or  reduced  in  size.  For 
this  purpose,  therefore,  one  of  the  first  quarters  should  be  taken  as  in- 
dicated above.  This  quarter  should  be  placed  in  a  box  or  tub,  the  weight 
of  which  is  known  or  which  has  been  counterpoised,  and  the  weight  of 
the  quarter  carefully  taken.  The  weight  of  the  sample  without  the 
box  should  be  noted  on  a  slip  of  paper.  From  this  box  the  material 
should  be  sifted  through  a  screen  having  ^4-inch  openings,  and  the  fine 
material  caught  in  •  a  second  box  which  has  been  counterpoised,  or  the 
weight  of  which  is  known.  The  sifted  material  is  now  weighed,  and  the 
weight  of  dust  without  the  box  noted  on  a  slip  of  paper  having  the  first 
weight.  This  slip  bearing  the  two  weights  together  with  the  additional 
memoranda  note  below  should  be  inserted  in  the  can  on  top  of  the  five- 
pound  sample  before  sealing,  and  transmitted  in  this  form  along  with  the 
coal  sample. 

OBTAINING  A  5-POUND  SAMPLE. 

When  the  amount  of  the  sample  has  been  brought  down  by  quarter- 
ing to  about  50  pounds  the  size  of  the  particles  of  coal  should  be  reduced 
again  by  grinding  through  a  mill  to  T/£-mch  size.  The  entire  50  pounds 
is  thus  put  through  the  mill  and  then  through  the  riffle  until  about  5 
pounds  are  obtained.  This  sample  should  entirely  fill  the  can,  and  it  is 
necessary  to  take  all  of  a  sample  as  obtained  by  the  riffle.  For  example, 
if  upon  riffling  for  the  last  time,  an  amount  is  obtained  which  will  more 
than  fill  the  sample  can,  it  should  not  be  discarded,  but  the  can  should  be 
emptied  and  added  to  the  excess  and  re-riffled.  One-half  thus  obtained 
should  be  put  into  the  sample  can  and  the  other  half  riffled  again  and  one 
of  the  halves  thus  obtained  added  to  the  sample  can.  Riffling  in  this 
way  should  be  continued  until  the  sample  can  is  nearly  or  completely 
filled.  Note  especially  that  all  dust  made  during  grinding  should  receive 
the  same  treatment  as  the  rest  of  the  sample  and  not  be  discarded.  When 
a  sample  has  thus  been  obtained  the  memorandum  slip  showing  the  date, 
car  initial  and  number,  shipper,  weight  of  car  content,  weight  of  quarter 
taken  for  dust,  and  weight  of  dust16  should  be  '  put  inside  of  can. 
The  cap  should  be  screwed  firmly  in  place  and  scaled  with  electrician's 
tape.  The  name  of  the  institution,  date,  number  of  car,  kind  of  coal, 
should  be  carefully  indicated  on  the  can  and  transmitted  at  once  to  the 
chemical  laboratory. 


16  See  suggested   form   for  ticket  on  page  2G. 


78 


PURCHASE    AND    SALE    OF    ILLINOIS    COAL. 


COMPOSITING  OF   SAMPLES. 

Compositing  of  the  several  5-pound  lots  is  accomplished  preferably 
at  the  laboratory  and  should  conform  to  the  following  schedule : 

For  contracts  calling  for  less  than  10,000  and  more  than  3,000  tons 
five  car  samples  shall  enter  into  the  composite. 

For  contracts  calling  for  less  than  3,000  tons  and  more  than  1,000 
tons,  samples  will  be  taken  and  analyzed  for  each  car. 

The  amount  of  each  car  sample  taken  for  compositing  shall  be  pro- 
portional to  the  gross  car  lot  from  which  it  comes,  so  that  the  assembled 
mass  shall  be  composed  of  the  same  proportion  of  each  of  the  several 
cars  represented  in  the  composite  sample. 

Summary  of  Coal  Settlements  under  Specification  For  the  Fiscal 

Year  1913-1914. 

A  summarized  statement  is  given  below  in  tabular  form  showing  the 
kind  of  coal  under  contract,  the  guaranteed  dry  ash,  and  B.t.u.  as  re- 
ceived. The  settlement  prices,  premiums,  and  penalties,  as  given  rep- 
resent the  net  results  of  the  numerous  settlements  under  each  contract. 

Table  15. — Summary  of  coal  settlements  Illinois  State  Board  of  Administration 

fiscal  year  1913-1J,. 


Institution 

Kind  of 
Coal 

Anna 

Slack 

Chicago 

Screenings 

Chicago 

Mine  run 

Elgin 

Screenings 

Jacksonville 

Mine  run 

Jacksonville . 

Screenings 

Kankakee . . . 

Mine  run 

Kankakee. . . 

Screenings 

Watertown . . 

Screenings 

Soldiers  and 

Orphans' 

Home 

Mine  run 

Soldiers'  and 

Sailors' 

Home 

Slack 

Soldiers'  and 

Sailors' 

Home 

Mine  run 

Soldiers'  and 

Sailors 

Home 

Screenings 

Guaran- 
teed 
ash  "dry" 


16.00 
16.00 
13.00 
16.00 
14.00 
17.00 
15.00 
16.00 
17.00 


14.00 
17.00 
14.00 
15.00 


Guaran- 
teed 
B.t.u. 
"as 
rec'd" 


11,600 

11,620 
11,830 
11,040 
10,600 
10,500 
11,200 
11,350 
10,000 


10,600 


9,700 


10,600 


9,700 


'Average 
Contract     settle- 


price 
per  ton 


ment 

price  per 

ton 


$1.49 


.94 
.16 
,05 
.64 
.40 
.90 
.70 


1.50 


1.74 


1.49 


1.53 


Total 
premium 


$1,410' 
1.942 
2.190 
2.014 
1.583 
1.296 
1.827 
1.655 
1.50 


1.727 


1.604 


1.95  1.991 


1.479 


p  26.20 
104.60 


445.50 


10.04 


Total 
penalty 


$841.00 


259.60 
285.60 
515.04 
287.74 
703.76 
.08 


47.04 


295.44 


COMMERCIAL    VALUATION. 


79 


Table  15. — Summary  of  coal  settlements  Illinois    State    Board    of    Administration 

fiscal  year  1913-14 — Concluded. 


Institution 


Girls'  Train- 
ing School 

Boys'  Train- 
ing School 

School  for 
the  Blind. 

School  for 
the  Deaf.  . 

Lincoln 
School 
and 
Colony.  . . 

Lincoln 
School 
and 
Colony. . . 

Peoria 


Kind  of 
Coal 


Screenings 
Mine  run 
Mine  run 
Mine  run 

Screenings 


Mine  run 
Mine  run 


Guaran- 
teed 
ash  "dry" 


14.00 
14.00 
15.00 
14.00 

15.00 


14.00 
15.00 


Guaran- 
teed 
B.  t.  u. 

"as 
rec'd" 


11,480 
12,100 
10,700 
10,600 

9,700 


10,600 
10,500 


Contract 

price 
per   ton 


$2.15 
2.65 
1.70 
1.64 

1.16 


1.35 
1.48 


Average 
settle- 
ment 

price  per 
ton 


Total 
premium 


$2,122 
2.508 
1.685 
1.584 

1.229 


1.272 
1.504 


80 


168.00 


Total 
penalty 


$110.16 
1,004.56 

28.30 
307.36 


46.60 


Difference   $3537.14 

Totals     $1195.14     4732.28 


80 


INDEX. 


A 

Page. 

Ash,    determination    of 35 

Percentage    of,    in    dry    coal 75 

Variations    of 15>  35 

Award   of    contracts '3 

B 

Bids    JjJ 

Bureau,   analyses   of   samples   from 44,  45,  59 

Unit-coal   values   for 70 

Calorific    value 40 

Carbon,    fixed,    determination   of 39 

Christian, County,  analyses  of  samples  from. 44,  45,  60 

Ash    in    coal    from 36 

Clinton   County,   analyses   of   coal  from..  51 

Unit-coal    values    for 69 

Composite    samples 25,  78 

Commercial    sampling 20 

Commercial  values,  calculation  of 41 

D 

Duquoin  anticline,  moisture  in  coal  near.  35 

Dust,    determination    of 26,  40,  77 

E 

European  coal,  comparison  with  Illinois  type  29 

F 

Face    samples,    moisture    in 30 

Face   sampling 17 

Franklin  County,  analyses  of  samples  from.. 51,  25,  63 

Unit-coal  values   for 70 

Fulton   County,    analyses    of  samples  from .  47,  61 

Unit-coal  values    for 69 

G 

Gallatin     County,     analyses     of     samples 

from     47,  48,  52,  63,  68 

Unit-coal   values    for 70 

Grinder,    use    of 20 

Grundy  County,  analyses  of  samples  from  45,  59 

Unit-coal   values   for 70 

H 

Heat-unit    basis 9,  72 

I 

Institutions,    coal    contracts    with 78 

J 

Jackson       County,       analyses       of       coal 

from 45,  46,  52,  60,  64 

Unit-coal   values    for 70,71 

L 
La  Salle     County,     analyses     of     samples 

from     46,  48,  57,  58,  59,  68 

Unit-coal   values    for 69,  70 

Logan  County,  analyses  of  samples  from..  48,  61 

Unit-coal    values     for 69 

M 

Mac  on   County,   analyses  of  samples   from  48,  62 

Unit-coal  values   for 69 

Macoupin  County,  analyses  of  samples  from. 52,  53,  64 

Moisture  in  coal  from 30 

Unit-coal    values    for 69 

Madison  County,  analyses  of  samples  from.  53,  65 

Ash    in   coal   from 36 

Moisture  in  coal  from 30 

Marion  County,  analyses  of  samples  from  53,  67 

Unit-coal    values    for 70 

Marshall  County,  analyses  of  samples  from  46,  59- 

[Tnit-coal    values   for 71 


Page. 
McDonough    County,    analyses    of    samples 

from    46 

McLean     County,     analyses     of     samples 

from    46,  47,  49,  68 

Unit-coal  values   for 70 

Menard    County  analyses  of  samples  from. 48  49,61 

Unit-coal    values    for 70 

Mercer  County,   analyses  of  samples  from  44,  60 

Unit-coal    values    for 70 

Moisture,    changes    of 28 

Coal-bed,    relation   to    commercial   mois- 
ture      29 

Control    of 16 

Montgomery   County,  analyses  of  samples 

from     54,  65,  66 

Unit-coal    values    for 69 

Moultrie   County,   analyses  of  samples  from  54,  68 

Unit-coal    values    for    71 

P 

Payments    for    coal 74 

Percentages    of    constituents    on    basis    of 

moisture     29 

Peoria    County,    analyses   of   samples   from  49,  60 

Unit-coal   values    for 70 

Perry      County,      analyses      of      samples 

from 54,  55,  64,  66 

Unit-coal   values   for 69 

Prices      74 

R 

Randoph  County,  analyses  of  samples  from..  55,  67 

Unit-coal    values   for 69 

Riffle,   use   of 20 

Run-of-mine   coal,   reduction  of  sample   of  76 

S 

St.  Clair  County,  analyses  of  samples  from.55,  56,  66 

Unit-coal   values   for 69 

Saline  County,  analyses  of  samples  from. 49,  59.  60 

Moisture  in  coal  from 35 

Unit  coal  values  for 71 

Sampling,   care  in 11 

Directions     for .....17,  75,  78 

Kit    for 19 

Method     of 76 

Principles    of 11 

Sangamon  •  Countv,     analyses    of    samples 

from '. 50,  51,  55,  61,  62,  65 

Ash  in  coal  from 36,  37 

Moisture  in  coal  from 30 

Unit-coal  values   for 69 

State   Board   of   Administration,   purchase 

of   coal   by 10 

Sulphur,    determination    of 39 

T 

Tazewell  County,  analyses  of  samples  from. 56,  69,  71 

Unit-coal   values    for 70 

U 

Unit-coal,  meaning  and  application 40,  69-71 

V 

Vermilion  County,  analyses  of  samples  from. 56,  58,  67 

A  sh    in    coal    from 27 

Determination     of 

Moisture  in  coal  from 

Lmit-coal   values    for 70 

W 
Williamson    County,    analyses    of    samples 

from     57,  64 

Ash    in    coal    from 

Unit-coal  values  for 

Moisture  in  coal  from 


